Total Compensation Is The Monetary And Nonmonetary Rewards

Total compensation is the monetary and nonmonetary rewards offered to employees. Therefore, this can help the organization be effective or prevent it from being effective. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to briefly analyze the positive and negative effects of total compensation. Total compensation influences productivity in numerous ways. For instance, â€Å"compensation practices that link pay to the company’s financial performance or other indicators of productivity can help focus employees’ attention on finding new ways to reduce costs and increase revenues†(Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Werner, S. 2012). Two preferred ways employees contain cost is by changing the pay mix and by emphasizing nonmonetary compensation.†¦show more content†¦As a result, this increases the talent pool and can make them an employer of choice among their competition. A total compensation system could prevent an organization from being effective in several ways; for instance, if their total compensation package is not aligning with the employee needs, â€Å"total compensation influences employee attraction, motivation, and retention. However, the importance of the various components depend on the person and his or her situation†(Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Werner, S. 2012). The compensation system within an organization should align to the overall Business plan to achieve expected results. In other words, the total compensation includes: base pay, performance based pay, benefits and services, and nonmonetary rewards. All of this together should reach a balance; otherwise, the expected results would be devastating. During recession, many Americans suffered, and the economy pressured many organizations to cut workers. However, experts on the matter explain, â€Å"In light of the massive number of layoffs, pay cuts look like the more hum ane cost-cutting tactic because they save jobs. UCLA management professor David Lewin says a small reduction in pay, when handled carefully, can even foster a collegial spirit during hard times. â€Å"It sends a signal that no one is expendable, but everyone is valued. We all suffer the painShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Development And Management Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesmisery to simply have a hefty paycheck, or if receiving a modest salary with numerous nonmonetary benefits is more valuable. In order to achieve a healthy work-life balance, it depends on one’s values, family life, and spending habits (Korkki, 2010). Thinking Critically In response to Critical Thinking Question No. 1, I feel that an individual must take into consideration the organization’s total compensation package, and not focus on salary alone when it comes to achieving personal and professionalRead MoreRecruitment And Selection Methods Used By Ohio Bath Solutions Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesadvertising job openings, establishing an employer brand, and actively pursuing desirable candidates. In addition, the company needs to offer potential employees an incentive to work for the company. Attractive compensation and benefits attract highly-skilled candidates. However, monetary rewards are not always the answer. Companies can also appeal to talented candidates by offering employees work-life flexibility and career advancement opportunity. One recruitment method that Ohio Bath SolutionsRead MoreUtley Food Market1259 Words   |  6 PagesUtley Food Markets Total Rewards November 30, 2011 Utley Foods were founded by Lawrence Utley in St. Louis shortly after the Depression. It started as one store and move into a chain of stores totaling 86 supermarkets from Missouri to Illinois. In 1948, the stores were owned by one of Mr. Utley’s descendants and went public while the family gradually moved out of leadership roles. However, the company is now mainly unionized, with virtually all nonexempt employees and approximately 15Read MoreIncentive Plans927 Words   |  4 Pagesobjectives and goals. The objectives are the same for all units; each unit has to meet their objective to achieve the overall goal. The incentive plan offered to team leaders is a monetary incentive and is rewarded on a quarterly and yearly basis. When 95% customer satisfaction is met, team leaders are eligible for an additional monetary award. Team leaders encourage employees to take their time and actively listen to the customers to ensure the goal is met. This is a goal everybody wants to me et as the incentiveRead MoreAn Effective Total Rewards Program For Increase Profitability1723 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizations that use a salesforce to help promote its business for increase profitability are challenged to develop a compensation plan that aligns the company’s overall goals. A sales compensation plan is more than a tactical focus, but it is a strategic focus for an organization to that enables the company to remain competitive in the business industry (Thoreson, 2014). State Farm was founded in 1922 by G.J. Merchele, as an auto insurance company. Today, it is one of the leading providers ofRead MoreEmployee Benefit Plan Development : Employee Benefits Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesan employer’s total compensation package. In fact, an employer’s total benefit package plays just an important role in attracting and retaining talent for organizations as monetary compensation, according to a recent Glassdoor survey (Chamberlain Tain, 2016). Gi ven the important role benefit plans play in attracting and retaining talent as well as their impact on employee engagement and happiness it is critical that employers empower their benefits specialists to design a total benefit packageRead MorePay For Performance Pay : An Effective Compensation Strategy Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesOverview Pay-for-performance pay is an increasingly popular compensation strategy in today’s business world. According to research conducted by consulting firm Aon Hewitt, 90% of the 1,100 employers polled use some form of variable, performance-based pay in their compensation strategy (Kelleher, 2013). There is also considerable evidence that employees, themselves, believe that their compensation should be tied in some way to their performance (Milkovich, Newman, Gerhart, 2016, p. 332). With suchRead MoreBusiness Manangemnt3736 Words   |  15 Pages------------------------------------------------- Compensation Management Compensation Management  is an organized practice that involves balancing the work-employee relation by providing monetary and non-monetary benefits to employees. Compensation includes payments such as bonuses, profit sharing, overtime pay, recognition rewards and sales commission. Compensation can also include non-monetary perks such as a company-paid car, company-paid housing and stock options. Compensation is an integral part of human resourceRead MorePerformance Management Process And Employee Development2036 Words   |  9 Pagesresults of performance models of management by objectives. This paper also addressed: 1) performance management philosophy, 2) performance management process and employee development, and 3) performance management and compensation. Keyword: performance, development, compensation Research and summarize relevant performance models An effective model of performance management system focuses on identifying, measuring and dealing with employee’s performance. Traditionally, performance management systemRead MoreChapter 10 Exam Essay2567 Words   |  11 Pagesstrategy execution | C.   | Deciding which core competencies and value chain activities to leave as is and which ones to overhaul and improve | D.   | Pushing for continuous improvement in how value chain activities are performed | E.   | Tying rewards directly to the achievement of strategic and financial targets and to good strategy execution | | 3. | The three components of building a capable organization are   A.   | making periodic changes in the firms internal organization to keep people

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 787 Words

Former Soviet Statesman, Mikhail Gorbachev said, â€Å" Sometimes it is difficult to accept and to recognise one’s mistake, but one must do it.† This quote helps you think about what you have done to figure out why you are being punished. Have you ever had the ability to pardon or imprison someone? If so, who would you pardon or who would you imprison? In the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare many characters should be excused or be punished by the end of the play. This play is about two star crossed lovers from feuding families that take their lives in desperation. At the end the Prince says, â€Å" Some shall be pardoned, and some should be punished. â€Å" Lord Capulet should be punished because he is a demanding and disrespectful man. A person who is demanding can be very overpowering. They push people in order to achieve what they want done. Demanding people are forceful and do not care about those that they have control over. They believe that people should be told what to do instead of making their own decisions. Other’s may think a bossy or demanding person is rude. Demanding people are selfish and only care about themselves. Lord Capulet is a demanding man with total disregard for his daughter’s wishes. He commands her to marry Paris even though she does not want to. He says, â€Å" Thank me no thankings, nor proud me no prouds, But fettle your fine joints ‘gainst Thursday next to go with Paris to Saint Peter’s Church, or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither.†Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

Privacy And Surveillance In It Free Essays

The development in Information Technology (IT) plays an important role in the greater interaction and communication of people in various parts of the globe. During the process of communication, the exchange of personal information could not be prevented among people. However, this kind of activity also threaten the privacy of people because the emergence of the Internet and other technological tools have made it possible to have easy access to information even the ones that are consider as private. We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy And Surveillance In It or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being the case, it is important that privacy and surveillance in IT is given due attention. Privacy is defined as â€Å" . . . he interest that individuals have in sustaining a personal space, free from interference by other people and organizations† (Clarke, 1999). Nevertheless, according to Brock Meeks (1999) the privacy of people during this information age is being â€Å"eaten away† and is already dead because of the various means that could be used in order to infringe upon it. Cyberspace is invading the privacy of individuals and this could be seen through spam, cookies, and the clickstream. However, there are also invasion of privacy that could be detrimental to the security of a person like the real-time person-location technologies (Clarke, 1999). Furthermore, ethical issues have also emerged in the exchange of information and communication of people especially in the workplace. Employees are expecting their privacy would be respected in the e-mails that they exchange with other people but this is sometimes not satisfied because of the need of the company to control and monitor the flow of information in the workplace (Weisband and Reinig, 1995). As such, this has become one of the most debated ethical as well as legal issues that need to be addressed. Personal information privacy is the ability to control information about oneself is becoming more important than ever (Millberg et. al, 1995). In relation to this, there are several preventive measures and laws that could be implemented in order to protect the privacy of individuals. Some of the programs that protect the privacy of people in relation with the use of the Internet are: the Privacy Preference Project (P3P) which is a simple automated way of controlling the use of personal information on websites, file encryption, firewalls, and access control systems (Quinn, 2005). The Australian government has its Australian Privacy Act that is mainly responsible in controlling privacy matters in the country (Australian Privacy Foundation, 2009). Moreover, surveillance of the flow of information in the workplace and other organizations is still debatable but it is indeed helpful in protecting the privacy of people against those who would want to have access of their personal information. However, surveillance in IT should also be responsibly used for security purposes only and not to cause harm to other people. How to cite Privacy And Surveillance In It, Papers

Henry Viii Essay Research Paper On June free essay sample

Henry Viii Essay, Research Paper On June 28, 1491 Henry the VIII of England was born. This immature adult male will organize his ain church. He will win to the throne in 1509. He will besides get married six adult females! Something good will go on when he is king, he will unify England and Wales and will besides make some bad things like put to deathing people who would non follow his regulations. In 1539, the Act of Supremacy declared Henry to be the caput of the Church of England. King Henry the VIII of England had a good side and a bad side. Though popular with the people of England, and besides really gifted, he had many bad times and many good times for himself. Henry was non merely selfish but, , handsome and had a hearty personality. He was besides a talented bookman, linguist, composer, and a instrumentalist. He was talented at many athleticss and was besides good with the ladies. Henry was the 2nd boy and the 3rd kid of his male parent. Henry the VIII died in 1509. The lone ground Henry would go male monarch is because of his brothers, Arthur, decease in April of 1502. Soon after that, Henry would get married his first married woman, his brother ( Arthur? s ) widow, Catherine of Aragon. Many married womans would follow after her. During most of his early reign, Henry relied on Thomas Cardinal Wosley to make much of the political and spiritual activities. Henry shortly got tired of his matrimony with Catherine of Aragon, so he decides that he doesn? T want to be married to her anymore. One of his implicit in grounds is that Catherine fails to bare a male inheritor. He tells Thomas Wosley to speak to the Catholic Pope so he can disassociate Catherine. But, Cardinal Wosley wasn? T able to convert the Pope. Thus, in 1529 Henry took Wesley? s authorization off from him. Henry so appointed Sir Thomas More. Through Thomas Cramner, Henry got the divorce that he wanted with Catherine of Aragon and so married Anne Boleyn. Cramner now the Arch Bishop of Canterbury, made Henry? s matrimony with Catherine nothingness and his matrimony with Anne valid. This made the Pope ferocious. So in 1534, King Henry had the parliament base on balls a jurisprudence stating that the male monarch, non the Pope, would from now on be the s upreme caput of the Church of England. # 8220 ; Thus, # 8230 ; .. the entry if England into the Reformation motion was an accident, the consequence of a side issue # 8230 ; the desire of King Henry VIII to acquire an revocation of the matrimony between himself and his legitimate married woman Catherine # 8230 ; . # 8221 ; ( Belloc, ibid. , pp.22-23 ) Since Henry was now in charge of the Church, he was traveling to do some alterations. He had all the Bibles translated into English. He so had all the people take an curse for this jurisprudence. But Sir Thomas More, Cardinal, and John Fisher wouldn? T accept the spiritual domination of the English sovereign, so they were so executed. These alterations bit by bit led to the formation of the Church of England In 1536, Henry accused his 2nd married woman, Anne Boleyn of criminal conversation. Then, Henry executed her. A few yearss after that, he married a immature adult female by the name of Jane Seymour. Jane Seymour, Henry? s 3rd married woman, was the female parent of Henry? s merely legitimate boy. Jane Seymour died after bearing the kid. Edward the VI was Henry? s merely legitimate boy. A twosome of old ages after Jane Seymour had died, Henry decided to get married one time once more. He married a German princess by the name of Anne of Cleaves. In 1540, Henry was told that Anne of Cleaves was a beautiful and pretty immature adult female. However, when Henry eventually saw her, he found her to be rather unnactractive. Therefore, he so divorced Anne of Cleaves and so beheaded Thomas Cromwell for holding tricked him. Bing unloyal to God every bit much as Henry perchance could, he made the determination to get married his 5th married woman by the name of Catherine Howard. Catherine Howard was so summarily executed in 1542 for being unchaste prior to marriage with Henry the VIII and for perpetrating criminal conversation. Henry had merely one more married woman to travel. In 1543 Henry married his 6th and concluding married woman, Catherine Parr. Catherine so survived Henry and so lived on to get married 4th hubby. In 1536, during Henry the VIII? s reign, England and Wales were eventually united as one state. During the 1280? s, after Edward the I had conquer Wales, the Welsh people had revolted several times against the English people, due to Edward? s conquer. But, the Welsh people eventually accepted the thought of integrity with the English people. In the Acts of the Apostless of 1536 and 1543, Henry joined both Wales and England under one system of authorities. When Ireland was made a state or land in 1541, King Henry so became the male monarch of Ireland. Henry, now the male monarch, had many wars with Scotland and France. During 1542 King Henry? s military personnels defeated the Scots at Solway Moss. In 1544, Henry? s military personnels besides captured Boulogne-sun-Mer from the Gallic, and so a peace pact was made when Henry received an insurance from France in 1546. Henry? s wars with Scotland remained indecisive in malice of some little triumphs. Though he opposed the Reformation, h is really ain creative activity of a national church started the existent beginning of the English Reformation. On January 28 1547, Henry the VIII of England died in the metropolis of London. Henry was buried in Saint Georges Chapel in the celebrated Windsor Castle. During the reign of Edward the VI, Henry the VIII? s merely legitimate boy, the parliament passed many more church reforms. But, so in 1553, Edward? s half sister, Mary, the girl of Catherine of Aragon, rhenium established Catholicism as the province faith. Even though Henry altered the Church, he did non even wish to present Protestant philosophy. Those people who refused to accept the Church of England and its instructions were executed. # 8220 ; On 30 July, 1540, of six victims who were dragged to Smithfield, three were reformists burnt for dissident philosophy, and the other three Catholics, hanged and quartered for denying the male monarch? s domination. Of all the legion suffering existences whom Henry sent to executing, Cromwell, possibly, is the lone 1 who to the full deserved his destiny. Looking at the last 15 old ages of Henry? s life, it is difficult to happen one individual characteristic which does non arouse repulsive force, and the efforts made by some authors to gloss over his misbehaviors merely give cogent evidence of the extraordinary bias with which they approach the subject. # 8221 ; ( Catholic Encyclopedia: Henry VIII ) The lone of import spiritual alterations made during his reign were the licensing of an Engli sh interlingual rendition of the Bible, the issue of Cramner? s litany and the interlingual rendition of English of certain parts of the traditional service. In decision, Henry the VIII of England was non merely a talented and rich chap, but he was besides unpatriotic to God and made many errors. Making the Church of England was likely his greatest accomplishment as the King of England. Coercing people to follow a certain faith and make what he told them to make was one of his lowest accomplishments. # 8220 ; Apart organize the two Queenss? with their confederates, ? Henry VIII? s list of putting to deaths compromised cardinals, bishops, archimandrites, priests, bookmans, equals, knights, middle-class citizens and many adult females of soft birth: the amount entire ran into 100s # 8230 ; . # 8221 ; ( ibid. , p.256 ) Henry the VIII was non merely a selfish, affluent adult male but a atrocious swayer and a large evildoer.

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Evidence Based Practice Matrix Essays

Evidence Based Practice Matrix Essays Evidence Based Practice Matrix Essay Evidence Based Practice Matrix Essay Mindsets of nurses regarding competency will take a part in shaping how competent they will be research planned to create greater research 507 Perception of how nurses see manager/lea deer/ vs.. How managers perceive themselves Discrepancies were recognized in how managers/leaders saw themselves in addition to how the staff see them Managers/Leaders ought to partake in evaluations of themselves as seen from their staff perspective. Important info is obtained by observation of how impotency research criteria has been utilized Comments Recriminating, M. , Laboratory, Enormousness, Madrigal Tortes, Stern, D. Frown, Grouper, Autobiographer an, R. , Krieger, A. Parakeets, Floral, A ANA CANAL 2013 2009 325 153 57 Evaluated responses to competency testing in Evidence based practice in based on different levels of nursing experience Comparison of students behaviors related to professional ism during and after a program nurses experiences and its relationship to increa sing competence as they advance in their profession Examined how leaders focused on the proficiency of students Instrument utilized was a success in examining fluctuating degrees of knowledge concerning evidence based practice EBPP is a needed skill to nursing and competence in applying it need to be evaluated on a regular basis Pertinent to topic because instrument existing in undergrad nursing to evaluate competencies Greatest predictor to for-see professional conduct such as complying with competencies was with the program itself Professionalism of nurse can be predicted by how well nurse conformed to nursing Little connection to the topic but show regards when crafting a framework Professional progresses gradually Results implied the nurse was the leader in the process of attaining competencies, even though 5 major phases did appear to be essential to the competence process of development Pertinent to topic as additional method to appraising competencies and crafting instruments to test competencies Nursing leaderships association with technology could be efficient, but leaders need to create Results recommended structural model to utilize for competency testing by the way of Little connection to topic. Very little among assessing competency of individual nursing dents taking online assessments and abiding y by nursing principles Wilson, Carriers. Mosaics subhead, Carols, 15 Assessment of nursing staff in creating proper s for managing client and family relations 108 sees of in productive and efficient communicate ion with patients and families accurate components to the programs

Corporate Governance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Governance - Assignment Example The framework also contains the procedures for proper control, supervision, and information flows which are ought to serve as checks and balances system. Corporate governance provides a framework for attaining the objectives of the company. It makes it encompass practically every sphere of management, from internal controls and action plans to corporate disclosure and performance measurement. Most firms nowadays strive to have a high degree of corporate governance (Solomon, 2004). Most companies no longer desire to be only profitable but also demonstrate perfect corporate citizenship through ethical behavior, environmental awareness, and sound corporate governance practices. Corporate governance helps in streamlining processes and guides in giving people accountability. Corporate governance helps in the process of decision making. One of the primary goals of corporate governance is to explain clearly to the stakeholders, the board, and the shareholders what their responsibilities and duties are within the company. It becomes easier for the people within the firm to understand whatever they are accountable for, after understanding their duties and responsibilities. If the board has the responsibility for proper evaluation of the management of the company, then they are held accountable for it. If the companys management is poor, then the board is held accountable because it is its role to evaluate the management of the company (Sheikh, 1995). The blame will thus not be transferred to other members of the corporation and in this case the blame will be with the board. It thus helps in preventing situations in which there are no ways to know the accountable people for whatever actions. Accountability helps in decision making within the company setup. Accountability helps in finding out about who should get an acknowledgment for the good work done in their respective fields and who should get punished

International law and organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International law and organisation - Essay Example Since there is no common governing power that supervises all countries, despite the existence of international organizations such as United Nations, states find themselves unable to trust each other. Thus, they usually treat each other as possible opponent that could grab them anytime. On the other hand, the modified structural realists believe that since there is anarchy in international relations, the weaker states have to look for means in order to protect its security and interest, as opposed to the powerful states, which tend to resist regulation or control of their movements. Similar to the modified structural realists, neo-liberal institutionalists believe that adherence to international legal principles would help promote transparency in international dealings, reduce transaction costs in international trade, intensify strict monitoring and enforcement of contractual obligations, and eases imposition of penalties for violation thereof. Voluntary observance of the international legal principles would encourage more cooperation in the international arena that would somehow grant long-term benefits, especially in the financial aspects. The hegemonic stability theor... e theories point to only one thing: the creation and observance of international legal principles are supported by the quest for protection of self-interest by the international stakeholders. Clearly, an independent state would not want to impose upon itself a rule that would ultimately restrict its freedom, if it will not reap any benefit from it. It cannot be denied that this voluntary adhesion to certain legal principles is no longer governed or motivated by the spirit of altruism. States need to protect themselves. Nobody can do it better than themselves. In the humanitarian aspect for example, every state must choose to create a standard that would protect its people against unwarranted human rights violations. This is especially true in terms of physical violence where no specific ideology or religion could divert or amend the standards for all human beings because of the basic knowledge that all humans are equal in feelings. If a state for example would think of exempting itself from the international standards of human rights, common sense dictates that it should prepare itself for possible retaliation in the most inhumane way since the state itself does not observe any standards for physical violation of its citizens. A classic example on this one is the law on war. The killing of a war prisoner is generally prohibited. If the United States for example would kill an Iraqi soldier who was left by his troops during a fight and who was captivated by the American soldiers would be killed, Iraq would then have every reason to kill an American war prisoner because the United States in this case was the first one to violate the rights of such war prisoner. To create and obey this particular international legal principle is then more of a reciprocal benefit

Critical Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Analysis - Research Paper Example The first casualty accident that killed the hugest number of people since the invention of the first aircraft occurred in December 1910. A historic twenty-seven people perished in this accident. Since then, several other upsets, mostly connected to the military aircrafts have occurred. This triggered the world community to rethink and evaluate their airline safety rules and regulations. In the United States, for instance the first law regulating the industry was passed in the 1920s. A definite case was the Air Commerce Act 1926 (Diab 79). This law required the examination and licensing of all aircrafts and pilots. It also provided for the proper investigation of all accidents that occur in the aviation industry. Besides, this Act set out rules and aids of navigation under the â€Å"Aeronautics Branch of the Commerce Department† (Diab 79). Since then, many countries in the world have developed their own rules on safety as well as being parties to the international aviation rule s (Diab 79). Personal perspective Statistics show that the stages of a flight that are more to accidents include during landing, take off, descent and climbing. This is a cause for alarm on the basic areas neglected within aircrafts. Therefore, the aircrafts that land and take off frequently have a higher probability of being involved in accidents as compared to those that have few stopovers. Based on these statistics, it will be important to choose the aircrafts that operate on nonstop flights. The laws and regulations across the land are always keen on aircrafts whose seats exceed thirty. Smaller aircrafts do not have regulations as stringent as their larger counterparts do. This makes the larger aircrafts safer to use for travel. In as much as the enforcers and implementers of policy decisions are the aircraft staff, it is equally important for passengers to take care of their own safety. Passengers should neglect a definite airline that is notorious for safety neglects, financia l constraints and persistent complains from customers. Additionally, passengers must be keen on instructions and take stringent precautionary measures to help avert emergencies. Regional perspective The issue of airline safety must be addresses by people who use airlines and state governments. The US is a victim of airline terrorism and must practice extreme vigilance on all the passengers including those who appear innocent. It is necessary to vet before boarding airplanes. This is in cognizance to the fact that most terrorism activities are conducted by people who pose as passengers. In the year 1996, a Boeing Jumbo 747 jet crashed while en route to Paris from New York, killing all the two hundred and thirty people (Been-Yosef 182). Amidst this confusion, the rescue team could not fix the electrical wires to prevent short-circuiting the fuel tanks and minimize sparks. This incident brought to the fore, not only the preparedness of security and rescue team but also the actual mater ial to be used while making some parts of the plane. Consequently, rules were made that established provisions for the installation of nitrogen generating equipment to safeguard the protection of the fuel tank (Been-Yosef 182). National perspective The US is a target for terrorism activities. This means that it needs stringent rules and regulations to address this phenomenon. The general rules of flight and operations are executable within Part 91 of the Federal

Practice In Uk Mental Health Area Social Work Essay

Practice In Uk Mental Health Area Social Work Essay This study takes up the examination of social work practice in the area of mental health in the UK. It is based upon the experiences of the author in the course of her work as a Mental Health Professional in a multidisciplinary team in a community care setting. Mental health issues, more specifically mental illnesses, have troubled humans from the dawn of human civilisation. The history and literature of all historical societies reveal numerous instances of mental disorders among people and the inevitably associated ostracism and discrimination faced by such people. Mental illnesses in the UK, till even some decades back were associated with abnormal, deviant and dangerous behaviour and thousands of people with different types of mental issues were housed in high security asylums against their will for years on end. Such blatant violations of fundamental human rights were carried out at the behest of the medical fraternity with the active support of the government, the judiciary, the legal system, enforcement agencies and society. Social workers entered the area of mental health in the UK in the early decades of the 20th century and progressively increased their interaction and work with mentally ailing people. The involvement of social work practice in the area grew slowly until the 1960s but increased rapidly thereafter. Greater involvement of social work practice led to the development of psycho-social models for providing assistance to people with mental ailments and helped in changing societal perceptions towards such persons. The post Second World War period also witnessed a very substantial shift in governmental and medical approaches towards people with mental health disorders. The last full fledged asylum for housing the mentally ailing was closed down in . Medical disorders are now viewed to be strongly related to various social and economic conditions as also to phenomena like racism, oppression and discrimination. The overwhelming majority of people with mental health ailments are now treated in the community, in the midst of family and friends, and institutionalisation is resorted to only in extreme cases and that too for limited periods of time. Social work practice has become very relevant to the area of mental health. Qualified social workers like the author of the study, known as mental health professionals, work with medical professionals like doctors and psychiatrists and play active, even leading, roles in the assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation of people with mental health disorders. This study takes up the case of Maya, a 68 year old Asian woman, who lives in East London. Maya is a first generation immigrant and has spent much of her life in an alien society. She suffers from depression and has been referred to the local social work authorities. Mayas case is fully described in the appendix to this study and is thus not elaborated here. The essay examines various aspects of Mayas life and experiences in order to crystallise the various factors are contributing to her current mental difficulties. Special emphasis is given to the challenges faced by people suffering from depression and to the high incidence of depression among South Asian women. The study takes up the application of social work theory to practice, the role of oppression and discrimination in the development of mental ailments, the role of social workers in helping mentally ailing persons and the importance of adoption of anti-oppressive approaches in dealing with them. It also details the social services that are available to such service users and how such services can help Jaya. Causes and Consequences of Depression Maya has been intermittently suffering from depression for the last 27 years and has undergone medication and counselling on five occasions. She was specifically referred by her GP to the local social services department following an episode of some severity. Crippling depression is one of the biggest reasons for misery in modern day Britain. It is a submerged problem of immense dimensions that is kept out of sight by family shame. The Psychiatric Morbidity Survey reveals that one in six of UK residents are liable to be diagnosed with depression. It would surprise many people to know that 40% of all physical and mental disabilities are caused by mental illness, even as 17% of such ailments are caused by depression alone. The incidence of depression among people is more than 3 times that of cardiac disease. Psychologists agree that mental illness constitutes the most important predictor of human distress in the UK and is far more powerful than poverty or various other types of disability. With few forms of deprivation being worse than chronic depression, it is evident that social workers should give the highest priority to care for persons with depression and other mental health ailments. Much of research on the causes of depression has necessarily being medical in nature. A number of medical studies reveal that depression can arise out of a range of factors like medical and physical disabilities, the death of loved people, social isolation, exclusion and loneliness, and abusive relationships, separation and divorce. Depression can also be initiated by economic and other types of stress, estrangement from family members, the compulsion to care for ailing family members and relocation. Social work research on the other hand reveals that social phenomena like racism, discrimination and oppression can play significantly causal roles in the emergence of depression. Individuals from different religious, ethnic and cultural backgrounds have often been subjected to discrimination in the UK. The decades after the closure of the Second World War witnessed a large influx of people from erstwhile British colonies in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean into the UK. Such immigrants, many of whom came to the UK to escape from lives of poverty, hardship and violence in their home countries, were often subjected to various degrees of oppressive and discriminatory treatment, both in the workplace and in the community. Such discriminatory treatment manifested itself in areas of employment, education and access to public facilities. Immigrants were treated differently and subjected to discrimination because of their lack of familiarity with the English language, their different physical appearances, religious traditions, cultural and social habits and their clothes. Such discrimination sometimes assumed distinctly undesirable dimensions like in the case of Christopher Clunis. A mentally disturbed person of African origin, Clunis murdered Jonathan Zito, a young white man, at a tube station in 1992.Whilst subsequent enquiries revealed that Clunis was mentally disturbed and he was subsequently institutionalised, the British media built up a picture of Clunis, (as a large, clumsy, unkempt and violent man), with strong overtones of racism. The numerous incidents of discrimination and ill treatment of persons of Asian origin in the USA after the September 11 attacks reveal racism and social discrimination to be a latent phenomenon that continues to work under the surface in societies and surfaces in response to different types of provocation and perceptions. Immigrants and their families even today have much poorer levels of education, income, health and public participation than members of the mainstream white majority in the UK. Maya is a first generation immigrant who was uprooted from her familiar North Indian environment when she was still in her teens and thrust into alien surroundings; she was unfamiliar with the local language and found it extremely difficult to communicate with others. Her social life was perforce restricted to the local Indian community in east London, which itself was very small when she came to England. Her husband and children, who had to adjust to the local community and its demands and expectations in order to survive and enhance their life chances, would have in all likelihood faced numerous incidences of discrimination and oppression over the course of their lives. Mayas domestic problems were also intensified because of her compulsion to stay with her husbands parents, a tradition that is still widely followed by the Asian community in the UK. Depression among Women from South Asian Communities in the UK A number of social work surveys and studies indicate that the incidence of depression is significantly high in South Asian women. Whilst such women originate from a large and ethnically diverse area that comprises of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Ceylon, many South Asian women suffer from similar causes for mental depression. Fenton and Carlsen, (2002) state that the main causes for depression amongst such populations are experiences of racism, family difficulties, financial problems, poor physical health and lack of employment. Women from these communities experience excessive mental pressure on account of community influence and reputation. Some of them have to cope with unsuitable marriages and unhappy relationships with their in-laws. Such circumstances create enormous difficulties and life challenges and moreover do not provide any avenues for escape. Some women have described how their families and the larger Indian community made them feel inadequate and repeatedly impressed upon them that they were failing in meeting their familial obligations. Such women also feel pressurised because of social isolation, lack of friends and acquaintances, inadequate education and stressful living conditions. The case study reveals that Maya has often been subjected to stress because of her difficult and strained relationship with her mother in law. It is also evident that the option of setting up home independently was never explored by her husband. It needs to be noted that whilst joint family living is common in South Asian communities, it is also often economically necessary because of straitened financial conditions and the additional costs that are likely to be incurred if children opt to live separately from their parents. Depression evidences itself in symptoms like change in eating and sleeping habits, lack of interest in normal daily activity, withdrawal from children, family and friends, overlooking of necessary activities at the home and outside and finally self destructive tendencies. Depressed people are prone to self harm and develop suicidal tendencies. Maya suffers from irregular sleeping habits, often sleeps late at night, gets up late in the mornings and is sometimes unable to cook for her family. She has reduced her interaction with outsiders and is becoming distant from her immediate family. She often suffers from headaches and cries for no reason. Such manifestations and symptoms constitute strong reasons for addressing depression in an elderly person like Maya. Not treating depression can place her and other older people at increased risk for additional physical and mental health problems. The disinclination to get out of the house and exercise can increase her hypertension, lead to diabetes and faster deterioration of the heart, lungs, bones and muscles. It can also lead to deeper, debilitating depression. Implications for Social Work Theory and Practice Social work theory and practice is fundamentally concerned with the improvement of the social and economic circumstances of disadvantaged individuals and groups and the challenging of oppression and discrimination in all its forms. Systems theory in particular, whilst abstract in nature and not applied systematically, has helped social workers to move from linear and causative medical models to significantly greater multi-causal contexts for the understanding of human behaviour. General systems theory provides a conceptual scheme for realising the interactions among different variables, rather than by reducing behavioural explanations to one reason. This is clearly evident in the area of mental health, where depression in people and their resultant behaviour is associated with a number of interacting social, biological and psychological factors. Systems theory requires social workers to examine the multiple systems in which people interact. Assessment of mentally ailing persons will for example require social workers to obtain information from different sources and place them in appropriate family and community contexts. Knowledge of social constructionism theory on the other hand enables social workers to realise how language has been used by medical experts and other dominant groups to build up images of the mentally disturbed as people who cannot look after themselves and their families and who need to be treated by medical experts. Modern societys perceptions about mental illnesses are significantly shaped by medical models, which state that medical ailments represent serious conditions that can make it hard for persons to sustain relationships and engage in employment. They can lead to self-destructive and even suicidal action (Walker, 2006, p 71-87). Social constructionism theory states that such perceptions are built by purposely developed vocabularies of medical models, which are bursting with complex nomenclatures for mental ailments and fixed on deficits. Walker, (2006, P 72), argues that vocabularies of medical models, including that of mental illness, are social constructs, comprising of terms that detail deficits and view humans as objects for examination, diagnosis and treatment, much like machines. Such perceptions result in treatments that is focused on removal of symptoms and do not take account of actual client needs (Walker, 2006, p 71-87). Social constructionism can assist social workers in realising the disparaging chimeras that have been built by existing medical models about the mentally ill. Social workers must also be informed by the theories of oppression and discrimination that condition and shape the behaviours of people, both the oppressors and the oppressed, towards poor, isolated and disadvantaged segments of society. Neil Thompsons PCS theory of oppression (2001), states that oppressive and discriminatory attitudes in people are socialised over the course of their life by three strong influences, namely personal perceptions and cultural and structural influences. Personal perceptions about the mentally ill can arise through reading about such people, viewing them on cinema, thinking about them and other such associated activities. Cultural influences comprise of numerous cognitive inputs from school, friends, family and the larger community about the mentally ill and unstable. Structural influences arise from the various embedded factors in the larger environment like their lack of fitness for employment and their need to be bodily restricted. These PCS factors s hape the minds of individuals and build up strong discriminatory attitudes that rest below the surface and are manifested in various ways. The media outrage over the Clunis incident and the construction of the person into a larger than life image of a socially dangerous person represents the way in which such discriminatory attitudes can often shape the behaviours and actions of people. Chew-Graham et al (2002), state that whilst the incidence of depression among South Asian women is significantly higher than the national average, such women faced numerous barriers in accessing social services because of internal and external barriers. Whilst internal barriers occurred because of family structures and community pressures, external barriers happen because of their unfamiliarity with English, difficulty in communicating with local social services departments and the disinclination of social workers to come to their aid. Services thus tended to be accessed only at points of desperation if at all and increase the tendency of such women to engage in self destructive activities. Dominelli (2002), states that discriminatory attitudes are deeply embedded in the existing social work infrastructure and can be eliminated only if there is a genuine and widespread feeling among social workers to do so. The labelling theory states that the self identity of individuals is often de termined by the terms that are used to describe them.

The Cycle of Slavery in The Tempest Essays -- Tempest essays

The Cycle of Slavery in The Tempest  Ã‚   William Shakespeare’s The Tempest blends elements of adventure and intellectual inquiry. The plot of Shakespeare’s last work contains comedy, romance, and action enough to sustain the interest of his common audience. However, there lies beneath the eloquent language and exciting plot an intelligent political commentary. Shakespeare uses the setting of a virtually uninhabited island as an experimental testing ground for the institution of slavery. Shakespeare shows through his island experiment that subjugation, once instituted, seems to perpetuate itself. While the most automatic explanation of this cyclical nature of slavery would be to say that this political rule is continued by the subjugators, the surprising reality is that it is the victim of colonialism who continues the cycle of slavery. Caliban, the native "islander"(2.2.36), despises his condition as a slave. However, in his attempt to disrupt and overthrow the political order instituted on the island by Prosp ero, Caliban actually provides evidence of the power of slavery over both man and mind. Caliban’s initial attempt to defy Prospero’s power via a verbal curse actually gives Prospero more authority as master in that the curse acknowledges the duke’s ultimate power. Caliban begins his speech with the vengeful request that all the evil "infections"(2.2.1) under the sun "fall"(2.2.2) upon the "tyrant"(2.2.160) Prospero. While Caliban wishes for Prospero to be so harmed by sickness, the slave does not have the power to make this happen. Instead, he must request that these evils "fall"(2.2.2) of their own accord upon Prospero. Caliban’s lack of authority because of his condition as a slave is immediately contrasted to that... ...tly subjugate Trinculo. This brilliant strategic move on Caliban’s part further perpetuates the cycle of subjugation. Once again it is the victim of slavery who acts as the agent in establishing and perpetuating slavery. In trying to benefit himself by breaking free of slavery, Caliban instead benefits the very practice he so despises. Slavery exerts its power in every aspect of Caliban’s life. In his speech, in his actions, in his thoughts, and even in his attempts to break free of slavery, Caliban cannot escape the powerful effects of subjugation. Caliban does not succeed in breaking the cycle of slavery. Its power and tendency to perpetuate itself are too great. Instead, the slave’s attempt to end his servitude actually propagates rather than abolishes the practice of slavery. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. Mineloa, NY: Drover, 1999.

How to Break Bad Habits and Create Positive Ones Essay

Everyone has one: a bad habit (or habits†¦) we wish we could break. Unfortunately, breaking a bad habit — as anyone who has ever bitten their nails, smoked, or mindlessly snacked in front of the TV knows — is not that simple. Breaking habits is hard, but with a little determination, it is achievable. There is a reason habits are hard to break. The majority of our habits are good for us, allowing our brain to complete certain tasks on autopilot which frees space for decision making, creativity, and quick action. But the brain does not discriminate between good and bad habits; once something becomes a routine, whether it’s helpful or harmful, your brain will perform it automatically, which can make it hard to stop. Step 1: Identify the habit All habits serve a purpose. Brushing your teeth first thing in the morning prevents cavities, stopping at a red light prevents car accidents, and eating cupcakes when you’re feeling low can deliver comfort. To make positive improvements, start by identifying your problem habit and its underlying cause. Step 2: Replace it Once you’ve identified your habit and its trigger, find something positive to take its place. If you eat to wind down after a long day of work, replace food with a walk or yoga. If you bite your nails, try chewing gum. If you smoke to relieve stress, try meditation. Step 3: Keep the commitment Once you’ve decided to break your habit and replace it with something positive, write it down. Keeping a journal of your progress can hold you accountable while serving as a great progress marker. If you’re truly  committed to making your new positive habits stick, complete your new habit daily for 30 days. The more consistent you are, the easier it will be to continue. Step 4: Be prepared for hiccups Through this process, it’s important to remember that habits are habits for a reason — they serve a purpose and our mind is trained to complete them with little to no effort. Be kind to yourself and be patient; all of your attempts to change habits will not be successful immediately. Expect bumps along the way but continue to push through. When in doubt, think positively. If you are at wit’s end and the only thought in your head is â€Å"I can’t do this†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , make it a positive. â€Å"I can’t do this, but it will get easier.†

Do Prisons Work essays

Do Prisons Work essays Prison life is mostly a continuous repetition of the same day, over and over again. Finding a purpose and a meaning beyond "punishment" can be a struggle. Often people are not in prison long enough to discover anything worthwhile beyond a new set of criminal alliances. Or people end up inside for so long that any good that might have been achieved along the way is undermined by bitterness and resentment. Prisons are the most shaming of all our public institutions. The United Kingdom imprisons more of its people than virtually any other country in Western Europe - in conditions, which are frequently an affront to civilized values, and at great cost to the taxpayers. Yet the vast majority of our prisoners do not present a serious threat to life or limb. Their crimes are such that they can be more humanely, economically and effectively dealt with in the community. Nevertheless, many consider imprisonment to be the punishment of choice. They feel that when the offender is jailed, justi ce is served. The paradox of imprisonment lies in society's expectations: the community wants retribution, as well as rehabilitation. Interestingly, for many, sending people to prison is not enough; they insist that offenders must suffer while they are in prison. But only somebody who has never been to prison would believe that jails are "soft" places. But the truth is that the harsher a prisoner feels himself to have been treated, the less of an obligation he will feel to abide by society's rules, and the more likely new victims will be created after his release. Official figures speak for themselves - more than half of prisoners re-offend within two years of release (Mathiesen 1990). Prison is designed for disempowerment. Everyone in jail is vulnerable to a greater or lesser extent. Prisoners live at the mercy of those who are in charge, and of each other, and dignity is a scarce commodity. There are various problems in prisons: sexual assault of...

Hiral Patel Essays (291 words) - Crisis Communication, Free Essays

Hiral Patel Essays (291 words) - Crisis Communication, Free Essays Hiral Patel BA 2196 Section 703/Paul A. Evangelista Writing Assignment: Crisis Communication Part III Carnival managed its crisis inappropriately when it did not offer proper feedback to passengers' worried family and friends. In a press conference on February 12, 2013, CEO Gerry Cahill provided a confused response to the questionable conditions on the ship. In this communication, Cahill was speaking of the conditions on the ship, saying, "Most of the public bathrooms are working. I think there are23?" (Cahill, 2013). This perplexing statement and its casual delivery showed a disregard for the passengers on the ship as well as the crisis. Many people worried about their friends and families on the ship and if their loved ones will come back safe. Cahill provided perplexed responses in press conferences as if numbers and conditions did not matter to him or the company. Timothy Coombs (2007) would advise against this reaction, as he states that the response "must provide any information needed to aid public safety, provide basic information about what has happened, and offer concern if there are victims" (Coombs, 2007). The lack of assurance from Cahill thus served to intensify the carelessness of the CEO and the company. Cahill did not provide definite information on the conditions on the ship. He responded in a confounded manner that left the press and the public in a state of confusion. In this way, Cahill's perplexed response in the press conference flagged him as a careless CEO of passengers trapped in the crisis. References Associated Press. (2013, February 12). Carnival Apologizes for Ship Fire [Press release]. Retrieved April 03, 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE8z_IDbFUI Coombs, W. T. (2007, October 30). Crisis Management and Communications. Retrieved from instituteforpr.org/topics/crisis-management-and-communications/

Introduction to Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Business Law - Essay Example The report states that the contract included a clause specifically stating that the seller would provide up to $500.00 for any necessary repairs, after inspection, at the closing of the deal. Now the buyers have had the house inspected and the inspector has informed them of two needed repairs. Due to the clause in the contract, the seller is obligated to pay up to $500.00 in these repairs but no more than that. So in regards to the buyers possibly expecting more, legally that would be a breach of contract so they can only expect to receive the amount the clause states for the repairs. Any expenses above that and they are required to pay the additional fees. (Larson, 2003-2005). Since there does not seem to be any specific clause such as: "Waiver clause, Liquidation Clause, Non-Waiver clause, etc then the only other logical means to go about settling the dispute would be to use an arbitration system. If this case were to go to a court of law then the seller would be forced to uphold the terms of the agreement in the time that was specified.  

Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co. Face off in Court Article - 1

Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co. Face off in Court - Article Example Apple asserted that Samsung made their devices so identical that customers could perceive those products, produced by Samsung, as made by Apple. A Research carried to this effect, based on witnesses’ testimonies indicated to the court that a substantial number of consumers has confused Samsung tablet computers and smartphones as Apple products. In response to the accusations, Samsung Electronics Co. Countered the claims, arguing that the technology applied on their Galaxy phones and Tablet computers require two fingers in scrolling as opposed to one finger technology applied by Apple Inc. In addition, Samsung claimed that their products do not bounce at the end, to signal users that it has reached the edged. This case presents allegations of a higher gravity, owing to the nature of the products involved, the investments and technologies applied and the large firms. It is a case that could impact greatly on either company once a determination is given. However, the case is still being pursued and Samsung is yet to present its witnesses and testimonies to refute the allegations made by Apple Inc. It is understood that registering products for patent or for intellectual property rights, is a part of the many strategies in business leveraging and in ensuring that their innovations and privacy will not be breached by other companies engaged in similar businesses. In the light of this, Apple its products with an aim of presenting distinction and excellence, and to realize what it is known for, dictating what the customer needs. If details of the invention and innovation are permitted to be copied, the company which originally made the product will lose their profit margin. This could adversely impact on its internal financial management, marketing strategies and operational budgets. This illustrates how the breach of patents could impact the marketing and production of their products. Business is competitive leveraging to satisfy consumer’s wants and achieve company’s target. It is about earning the return on investment. It is an intellectual right. It is justified therefore to bring to court those who pirate products.

Arguments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arguments - Assignment Example Conclusion: Casey Anthony murdered her daughter. My argument is everyone deserves a fair trial. It would be better for murderers to go free than one innocent person is sentenced to death row or jail. My friend’s argument is murderers must be punished even if some innocent people are sent to jail or death row. I am just concerned if one person’s rights are violated, my rights could be violated. My friend takes the view it would never happen to her. We both walked away agreeing to disagree. 2. The Scope and Limits of Logic Logic can help individuals understand our arguments. By studying logic, individuals can understand how to look at both sides of an argument to make a decision. When an individual only looks at one side of the argument logic cannot take place. It is based on personal feelings and experiences instead of looking at different sides of the argument. No matter how obstinate or one sided a person can be, they still use logic in some circumstances. Everyday ind ividuals debate within themselves on actions. Whether it is to take the Interstate or a side road to work or school, people have to make decisions everyday. So everyone uses logic. By studying logic, an individual can understand the why and how they make decisions.

Modern Information Technology Impacts Our Everyday Lives Essay Example for Free

Modern Information Technology Impacts Our Everyday Lives Essay Over the past 20 years, the world as we know has changed drastically. We have moved from a world that was bound by wires and copper cabling to a world that offers any bit of information you want with the touch of a glass screen from a device that fits in your pockets. In this same period of time, shopping used to involve planning a trip to a brick and motor store and hope they had the product you were looking for, and at the price you wanted to pay. If you lived in a small market, you didn’t have the choices to comparison shop other stores. In today’s age, a consumer can shop from the comfort of their home, and find exactly the right product at exactly the right price. With a click of a mouse and a charge of a credit card, the product will be rushed to the consumer’s house with little to no effort for them. Large retailers like Amazon.com can have a product delivered to a consumer by as early as the next day! This type of convenience has changed our daily ways in many ways, both positive and negative. For example, people can communicate with each other miles apart from their computers and smart phones via email and texting. While some may say this is good thing that allowing distant relatives and friends quick and simple communication without worrying about distance, others would say that email and texting simply takes a lot of the personal touch from the conversation. With retailers moving their sales online, some people believe that the personal touch of being able to talk to someone directly about the product may detract from the experience. Positive Impacts of Modern Technology We should begin looking at the positive impacts that this new technology has on our daily lives. Technology is evolving very quickly, and sometimes consumers have a hard time keeping up with the latest trends, but the impacts are made every day to help improve our lives. Whether we are using computers to communicate by video conferencing with friends and family in another country, or ordering the latest Harry Potter book to be instantly delivered to our Kindles, these technologies are enriching our lives. As retailers move to the web, consumers are able to comparison shop many different sellers with the click of a mouse. There are also dedicated websites out there that allow a consumer to instantly search for a product from hundreds of sellers, and then find the one that has the lowest price and best shipping. On top of this, the internet provides a way for consumers to research the products they are buying. We can look up reviews from other buyers to see if the product lives up to manufacturers claims. When a consumer decides what and where they will buy, they can have the product whisked away from the distribution center and be delivered on their doorstep by the end of the next day, all from the computer of their home. With the massive explosion of social media sites, people are able to find and communicate with their long lost friends and family all from a central location. We can share photos, send messages, and chat in real time with our connections. Although the entertainment industry has been slow to adopt the new technologies in fear of losing money to â€Å"pirates†, we have seen a huge growth of online video. Consumers are able to find and watch their favorite shows whenever and wherever they like. Television sets are now shipping with built in internet connectivity to allow purchasers to access the internet to watch videos and share photos with one another. Companies like Netflix and Hulu have embraced online streaming and are offering thousands of hours of online video for a very low monthly subscription. These services are not limited to just televisions either. Computers, smart phones, and tablets are all easily able to access this same content for on-the-go watching. Online gaming has become huge in the past few years as well. People can play against each other in massive online role playing games such as World of Warcraft, and even console makers such as Microsoft and Sony have enabled their gaming consoles for online play. This brings the world together as a playing field and we are no longer constrained by our living room when it comes to finding new opponents. With the help of Google, people are now able to research topics in record time. With a few keystrokes, users are able to find information on any topic under the sun. Online search engines allow us to research the world’s libraries and other research facilities. We are also able to scour the web for information. This makes student homework much simpler and faster, and allows them to learn more information quicker. Data organization has also become a simpler task thanks to modern technology. Companies can store their entire repository of data onto a simple database server. They can query this server for any bit of information they need within a few seconds. Not only beneficial for companies, home users are able to store their personal documents and photos securely on their PC’s as well as in an off-site â€Å"cloud† and not have any fear of losing this information when a natural disaster occurs. Negative Impacts of Modern Technology While there are many positive impacts on today’s society, there are also many negatives that are introduces as well. Many would argue that there are jobs being lost because of this new technology. Automated and robotic systems have taken the place of humans in the work force. With retailers moving their sales operations online, they no longer need the support staff for their brick and motor stores. Many stores are not able to keep up with the low prices from the mega-retailers online, so they are forced to close down. With the influx of social media as our main communication medium, some think that we have lost the personal touch of spending time with our close friends and family in favor of sitting behind our computers online. People that are only using social media as their main form of communication could lose the ability to interact physically with one another. The many distractions of email notifications and incoming text messages have also become a detractor. People no longer consider it rude to stop in the middle of a conversation to respond to a text message that has just come in to their phone. This could lead to low levels of concentration. At the same time, malicious people have found easy ways to target those that are online. With the vast amount of spam email and harmful virus spreading around the world, more and more people are becoming susceptible to attack. Another negative impact is the illegal use of technology for gambling and other addicting habits. Online gambling sites attract millions of people per day and can completely consume those with weak will power, leading to distressed families and financial means. Underground websites also harbor criminalist activities as well. Pornography and child pornography are trafficked daily on the internet, and the sheer magnitude of the web makes it hard for authorities to track down and eliminate. There are even websites such as TheSilkRoad that sell illegal drugs in the same fashion as Amazon sells normal goods! In Summary Although we cannot stop the negative effects from this new technology, we shouldn’t fear it. Learning to recognize the potential positive impacts this new technology can bring to our lives while at the same time recognizing the potential threats we will be better able to adapt to them and take advantages and enrichments they bring to our daily lives.

Strategies for the Analysis of Big Data

Strategies for the Analysis of Big Data CHAPTER: 1 INRODUCTION General Day by day amount of data generation is increasing in drastic manner. Wherein to describe the data which is in the amount of zetta byte popular term used is â€Å"Big data†. Government, companies and many organizations try to obtain and store data about their citizens and customers in order to know them better and predict the customer behavior. The big example is of Social networking websites which generate new data each and every second and managing such a huge data is one of the major challenges companies are facing. Disruption is been caused due to the huge data which is stored in data warehouses is in a raw format, in order to produce usable information from this raw data, its proper analysis and processing is to be done. Many of the tools are in progress to handle such a large amount of data in short time. Apache Hadoop is one of the java based programming framework used for processing large data sets in distributed computer environment. Hadoop is useful and being used in types of system where multiple nodes are present which can process terabytes of data. Hadoop uses its own file system HDFS which facilitates fast transfer of data which can sustain node failure and avoid system failure as whole. Hadoop uses Map Reduce algorithm which breaks down the big data into smaller part and performs the operations on it. Various technologies will come in hand-in-hand to accomplish this task such as Spring Hadoop Data Framework for the basic foundations and running of the Map-Reduce jobs, Apache Maven for distributed building of the code, REST Web services for the communication, and lastly Apache Hadoop for distributed processing of the huge dataset. Literature Survey There are many of analysis techniques but six types of analysis we should know are: Descriptive Exploratory Inferential Predictive Causal Mechanistic Descriptive Descriptive analysis technique is use for statistical calculation. It is use for large volume of data set. In this analysis technique only use for univariate and binary analysis. It is only explain for â€Å"what, who, when, where† not a caused. Limitation of descriptive analysis technique it cannot help to find what causes a particular inspiration, performance and amount. This type of technique is use for only Observation and Surveys. Exploratory Exploratory means investigation of any problem or case which is provides approaching of research. The research meant provide a small amount of information. It may use variety of method like interview; cluster conversation and testing which is use for gaining information. In particular technique useful for defining future studies and question. Why future studies because exploratory technique we use old data set. Inferential Inferential data analysis technique is allowed to study sample and make simplification of population data set. It can be used for trial speculation and important part of technical research. Statistics are used for descriptive technique and effect of self-sufficient or reliant variable. In this technique show some error because we not get accurate sampling data. Predictive Predictive analysis it is one of the most important technique it can be used for sentimental analysis and depend on predictive molding. It is very hard mainly about future references. We can use that technique for likelihood some more companies are use this technique like a Yahoo, EBay and Amazon this all company are provide a publically data set we can use and perform investigation. Twitter also provides data set and we separated positive negative and neutral category. Causal Casual meant incidental we determine key point of given casual and effect of correlation between variables. Casual analysis use in market for profound analysis. We can used in selling price of product and various parameter like opposition and natural features etc. This type of technique use only in experimental and simulation based simulation means we can use mathematical fundamental and related to real existence scenario. So we can say that in casual technique depend on single variable and effect of activities result. Mechanistic Last and most stiff analysis technique. Why it is stiff because it is used in a biological purpose such study about human physiology and expand our knowledge of human infection. In this technique we use to biological data set for analysis after perform investigation that give a result of human infection. CHAPTER: 2 AREA OF WORK Hadoop framework is used by many big companies like GOOGLE, IBM, YAHOOfor applications such as search engine in India only one company use Hadoop that is â€Å"Adhar scheme†. 2.1 Apache Hadoop goes realtime at Facebook. At Facebook used to Hadoop echo system it is combination of HDFS and Map Reduce. HDFS is Hadoop distributed file system and Map Reduce is script of any language like a java, php, and python and so on. This are two components of Hadoop HDFS used for storage and Map Reduce just reduce to immense program in simple form. Why facebook is used because Hadoop response time fast and high latency. In facebook millions of user online at a time if suppose they share a single server so it is work load is high then faced a many problem like server crash and down so tolerate that type of problem facebook use Hadoop framework. First big advantage in Hadoop it is used distributed file system that’s help for achieve fast access time. Facbook require very high throughput and large storage disk. The large amount of data is being read and written from the disk sequentially, for these workloads. Facebook data is unstructured date we can’t manage in row and column so it is used distributed f ile system. In distributed file system data access time fast and recovery of data is good because one disk (Data node) goes to down other one is work so we can easily access data what we want. Facebook generate a huge amount of data not only data it is real time data which change in micro second. Hadoop is managed data and mining of the data. Facebook is used new generation of storage and Mysql is good for read performance, but suffer from low written throughput and the other hand Hadoop is fast read or write operation. 2.2. Yelp: uses AWS and Hadoop Yelp originally depended upon to store their logs, along with a single node local instance of Hadoop. When Yelp made the giant RAIDs Redundant Array Of Independent disk move Amazon Elastic Map Reduce, they replaced the (Amazon S3) and immediately transferred all Hadoop The company also uses Amazon jobs to Amazon Elastic Map Reduce. Yelp uses Amazon S3 to store daily huge amount of logs and photos,. Elastic Map Reduce to power approximately 30 separate batch RAIDs with Amazon Simple Storage Service scripts, most of those generating around 10GB of logs per hour processing the logs. Features powered by Amazon Elastic Map Reduce include: People Who Viewed this Also Viewed Review highlights Auto complete as you type on search Search spelling suggestions Top searches Ads Yelp uses Map Reduce. You can break down a big job into little pieces Map Reduce is about the simplest way. Basically, mappers read lines of input, and spit out key. Each key and all of its corresponding values are sent to a reducer. CHAPTER: 3 THE PROPOSED SCHEMES We overcome the problem of analysis of big data using Apache Hadoop. The processing is done in some steps which include creating a server of required configuration using Apache hadoop on single node cluster. Data on the cluster is stored using Mongo DB which stores data in the form of key: value pairs which is advantage over relational database for managing large amount of data. Various languages like python ,java ,php allows writing scripts for stored data from collections on the twitter in Mongo DB then after stored data export to json, csv and txt file which then can be processed in Hadoop as per user’s requirement. Hadoop jobs are written in framework this jobs implement Map Reduce program for data processing. Six jobs are implemented data processing in a location based social networking application. The record of the whole session has to be maintained in log file using aspect programming in python. The output produced after data processing in the hadoop job, has to be exp orted back to the database. The old values to the database have to be updated immediately after processing, to avoid loss of valuable data. The whole process is automated by using python scripts and tasks written in tool for executing JAR files. CHAPTER: 4 METHOD AND MATERIAL 4.1  INSTALL HADOOP FRAMWORK Install and configure Hadoop framework after installation we perform operation using Map Reduce and the Hadoop Distributed File System. 4.1.1 Supported Platforms Linux LTS(12.4) it is a open source operating system hadoop is support many platforms but Linux is best one. Win32/64 Hadoop support both type of platform 32bit or 64 bit win32 is not chains assembly platforms. 4.1.2 Required Software Any version of JDK (JAVA) Secure shell (SSH) local host installed which is use for data communication. Mongo DB (Database) These requirements are Linux system. 4.1.4  Prepare the Hadoop Cluster Extract the downloaded Hadoop file (hadoop-0.23.10). In the allocation, edit the file csbin/hadoop-envsh and set environment variable of JAVA and HAdoop. Try the following command: $ sbin/hadoop Three types of mode existing in Hadoop cluster. Local Standalone Mode Pseudo Distributed Mode Fully Distributed Mode Local Standalone Mode Local standalone mode in this mode we install only normal mode Hadoop is configure to run on not distributed mode. Pseudo-Distributed Mode Hadoop is run on single node cluster I am perform that operation and configure to hadoop on single node cluster and hadoop demons run on separate java process. Configuration we can change some files and configure Hadoop. Files are core.xml, mapreduce.xml and hdfs.xml all these files change and run Hadoop. Fully-Distributed Mode In this mode setting up fully-distributed mode non trivial cluster. 4.2  Data Collection The twitter data anthology program captures three attribute. 1) User id 2) Twitter user (who sent Tweet) 3) Twitter text The Twitter Id is used to extract tweets sent to the specified id. In our analysis; we collect the tweets sent to sachin tendulkar. We used Twitter APIs, to collect tweets sent to Sachin. The arrangement of the Twitter data that is composed. The key attributes Which we mine are: User id, Tweet text and Tweet User (who sent Tweet) save all key attribute in Mongo DB .Mongo DB is database where al tweet is saved. After collecting all data we export to csv and text file this file is use for analysis. Fig. 1. Twitter data collection procedure Extracting twitter data using python In this python code firstly create developer account then we get a consumer key, consumer secret, access token and access token secret this are important for twitter api using that key we find all tweets. Initialize a connection to the Mongo DB instance connectivity to Data Base in this code tweet db is data base name mongo db support to collection. >show dbs That commend we see all database those are present in mongo db. >use Data Base name Select particular data base we use. >db Db command use to which data base is open. >show collection This command shows all collection. It means show all table. >db.tweet.find () Use to show all data store in particular data base. >db.tweet.find ().count () Use to that command how much tweet store in your data base. CHAPTER: 5 SENTIMENTAL ANALYSIS OFBIG DATA Last and foremost as well as most important part of data analysis is extracting twitter’s data. Supervised and unsupervised techniques are types of techniques that are used for analysis of â€Å"Big data†. Sentimental analysis has come to play a key role in text mining application for customer relationship, brand and product position, consumer attitude detection and market research. In recent advance there is several promising new direction for developing and advance sentimental analysis research. Sentimental classification identify whether the semantic direction of the given text is optimistic, pessimistic or unbiased. Most of open approach relies on supervised learning models they classified positive and negative option only. Three ways of machine learning techniques Naà ¯ve Bayes, SVM and Maximum Entropy Taxonomy do not perform well on sentimental classification. Sentimental analysis techniques may help researchers to study on the Internet. They would help to find o ut whether a given text is subjective or objective as well as whether a subjective passage contains optimistic or pessimistic opinions. Supervised Machine Learning techniques use class documents for classification. The machine learning approach treat the opinion classification problem as a topic based content classification problems. Comparison between Naà ¯ve Bayes, Maximum Entropy and SVM for sentimental classification, they achieve best precision using SVM. CHAPTER: 6 SCREENSHOT Browser view: This view only use for browser view that show log file of data node and name node. Hadoop cluster on: In this screenshot show on data node name node that means properly install and configure single node hadoop cluster. Data base view: In this screenshot we extract twitter data and store Mongo DB. Mongo DB is a data base where all tweets are stored. How many Tweets store in Data Base: CHAPTER: 7 CONCLUSIONS We have urbanized an architecture that uses PYTHON and Mongo DB in amalgamation with Twitter APIs to study tweets sent to the specific user. We use our architecture to get the positive, negative and neutral, analysis the number of re tweets and the name and Id of the users sending the tweets. Finding all data we analysis them can be used in conjunction with available results on queuing theory, to study the temporary and stable state performance of social networks. The proposed architecture can be used for a monitor correlation among user behaviors and their locations. The application of obtain outcome to study the development of population in under research. In sentimental analysis mining on large datasets using a Naà ¯ve Bayes classifier with the Hadoop echo system. We configure Hadoop in single node cluster and we also provide how to fetch or extracting twitter data using any language of api but in Hadoop cluster file system can do decent job even in the Big Data analysis domain.

William Cullen Bryant Examines Nature :: Biography Biographies Essays

William Cullen Bryant Examines Nature William Cullen Bryant can very easily be linked to the Transcendentalists. Most of his themes in his writings are concerning the nature of life and the nature of nature. "The Yellow Violet" is an example of a poem about the nature of life. "The Prairies," on the other hand, is an example of the nature of nature. Though these two poems of Bryant's are both about the beautiful world of trees, flowers, and fields, they take on a different perspective of nature itself. "The Yellow Violet" vividly expresses the nature of life in a very simple way. Bryant takes the cycle of a yellow violet and uses it to describe the humanistic world around him. It is very clever, too, that when he does this, he uses personification. A "modest flower" (2674) pops out from the dark, damp leaves below and "[makes] the woods of April bright" (2675). While the rest of the forests and fields go on with their life cycle this tiny flower does itsà ­ best to make things pretty and happy. The persona describes this sight as an "early smile" (2675) and that is what kept a smile on his own face. Even the various blooms and colors that surface in May are not as joyful because when the violet blooms, it is the first color you see after a long winter of gray. This modesty of the meek flower is compared to that of a person. It's usually the poorer, less known people in the world that are the ones who really cheer you up. They will never let you down. As the persona in t he poem points out, "So they, who climb to wealth, forget" (2675). This is the most important line of the entire poem. It is basically saying that those who are wrapped up in material things are just th...wrapped up. They are not dependable. Thus, the yellow violet is the modest person, which are far and few, who you can always count on to stand by you in the end and brighten up your day. This is the illustration of the nature of life. "The Prairies," however, takes on a little bit of a different perspective. Instead of using nature as a morality lesson, "The Prairies" is more of an account of the way of nature.

Fashion Channel Market Segmentation Essay

One of TFC’s glaring strengths is that it specializes in fashion-oriented programming. The company is dedicated to fashion programming 24/7, meaning it is in a position to influence the market. Secondly, TFC appeals mostly to women between 35 and 54. The company’s viewership in the segment is 45% compared to 42% and 40% for Lifetime and CNN respectively. This category has the largest number of viewers and at the same time, one of those segments that is able to attract premium pricing. In addition, the company operates under the basic cable package. The package has more than 80 million subscribers in the U.S meaning that a large number of people have access to the channel. Conversely, TFC faces several weaknesses. Firstly, the company has not fully diversified its operations; it only specializes in fashion related programming. This could spell doom for the company, especially if the current trend is an indication of the future. Moreover, there is a section of the top management that is reluctant to accept change in the organization. The implication is that Dana’s recommendations may fail to get ratified for fear of the unknown. Thirdly, the satisfaction level of TFC’s customers is on the decline. The company is quickly losing customers to the two major competitors, and there are fears that the trend is sustainable. The other major weakness is that the organization has not segmented its market. The company ought to segment its market in order to benefit from the premium fee charged for the highly valued demographics. There are a number of opportunities available for TFC in its external environment. To begin, advertisers are ready to pay a premium for higher rating as well as defined demographic programming. Channels with higher rating are able to charge more for advertising meaning that TFC can gain additional revenue if appropriate strategies are developed to help increase its overall market rating. Secondly, there is a more room for the company to increase its market size. Fashion specific programming is continually gaining prominence among viewers in the U.S. market. In addition, viewer’s demand on network content and ad is directly related to the cost of advertisement. The company can thus increase its ad revenue through marketing strategies aimed at increasing viewership. One of TFC’s predominant threats is its two chief competitors: CNN and Lifetime. The two are constantly eating into the TFC’s major revenue base, and may even force the company out of the market. The second threat is that TFC is only entitled to $1 per subscriber. This is quite a small portion that cannot fully sustain the company’s operations. Besides, there is a threat that TFC may get dropped from the basic cable platform if subscribers satisfaction fails to improve. This may mean total loss for business. TFC’s Central Strategic Issue The company appears to lack a clearly defined business strategy. The  company’s product-market focus is vague. For instance, TFC has not segmented its market into different segments. Alternative Strategic Promotional Courses of Action Alternative 1 There are a number of marketing courses of action at TFC’s disposal. The first one, and perhaps most important, is market segmentation. The company should divide its market into different segments and concentrate on maximizing the revenue for the segment of choice. According to the data provided in the case, a combination of Fashionistas (scored 23.1M) and Shoppers/Planners (scored 42.35M) segments appears the most economical alternative for TFC. The two categories of customers are highly involved in matters related to fashion and are thus a suitable target for the company. There is also economic benefit involved if the company opts to back the strategy. Firstly, an admixture of the two segments yields a high profit margin (39%) in comparison to any other alternative. Besides, the alternative will trigger an increase in overall rating by 20%. There is a potential rise in the company’s rating from 1.0 to 1.2 consequently leading to increased revenue. In addition, this segmentation has the highest percentage of viewers 50% (=35% + 15%). The large number of viewers in two segments is thus suitable for the company, especially given that it entirely specialize in fashion programs. The problem with this alternative is that there is an increment in programming expenditure by $20 million. Alternative 2 The second alternative is broad-based marketing. This involves treating the entire market as a single group typified by customers with shared needs. The advantage of this strategy is that it is quite profitable at least in the short-run. Its adoption is likely to earn the company a net profit of more than $40 million (=$94.9 – 54.6). In addition, the approach does not attract incremental programming expenditure. On the other hand, the broad-based alternative will deny TFC the opportunity to earn premium CPM (Cost per thousand). Alternatively, TFC can opt for Fashionista segmentation. Using 2007 as a  base year, the alternative may rake for the company at least a net income of $100 million (=151.4 – 54.6). In addition, the approach is likely to boost the company’s overall rating from 1.1 to 1.2. The company will also be in a position to increase its charges from $2 to $3.5. Conversely, the Fashionista alternative will lead to an incremental expenditure of $15 million. Decision and Implementation Plan The new promotional plan should be positioned towards a combination of Fashionistas and Shoppers/Planners segment. Although there are a number of risks involved in this strategy, the returns are investing in the strategy. One of the greatest challenges for the company is maintaining the loyal customers while at the same time wooing new planners/shoppers and fashionistas. The company must come up with ways of ensuring that they do not lose some customers. This is achievable through evaluating the programs popular among the loyal customers and ensuring they are not disrupted by the new alternative. The company can also benchmark with its customers to learn how they are able to attract a huge number of fashionistas. The fact that the alternative may lead to incremental $20 million expenditure presupposes that its implementation is quite expensive. Benchmarking with Lifetime and CNN can help reduce the cost. Finally, the company should devise ways to foster awareness, perceived value, and interest of its products among consumers. This can be achieved through online marketing and ensuring there is appropriate social media policy in place to avoid misuse of the marketing platform.

Another Kind of Racism Essay

Racism is a disease. Spread by not only words and actions but by silence and inaction. In two stories presented in different media – a novel and a movie—racism is spread by people who feel they are not racists, but who do nothing to prevent and stop racism. The reality is that it is easy to pretend racism doesn’t exist, yet everyone practices it in some way. Those who know racism is wrong and do nothing are the â€Å"perpetrators† of racism. They allow the disease to cling to a group and spread like sending a sick toddler to preschool; touching everything and everyone, infecting all. In T. C. Boyle’s book Tortilla Curtain, racism is present throughout the book – enough to exhaust the reader. In the movie Crash, racism is one element of a complex plot. They teach the reader similar, compatible lessons. The character Delaney from the book and the Cameron from Crash both are used to depict stereotypical persons who claim to fight racism, stereot yping, and discrimination, yet when faced with a situation when it is directed toward them or someone near to them they allow racism to happen as if nothing was wrong. Following these people are dying morals and blind humanity. Delany is a white, affluent, born on the East Coast; he now lives in Los Angeles. Living in a â€Å"gated community† had insulated him from the poverty that surrounded the very edges of the walls of exclusive neighborhood. During community meetings he does not want to discuss the increasing numbers of illegal immigrants; he prefers to focus on the coyote attacks. Until the accident he did not know his life would cross paths with an Illegal Immigrant. He had seen them only in the parking lots where they waited looking for work. He claims to not be a racist, to not be biased, and to not stereotype individuals at these meetings. As he claims this, his car hits a Mexican named Candido. Delaney soothes his conscience by giving Candido â€Å"$20 blood money,† explaining to his wife Kyra that â€Å"He’s a Mexican.† Delaney actions suggest that Mexicans are not â€Å"people.† More than 50 years earlier John Steinbeck’s characters in the book The Grapes of Wrath phrase the issue much of the same way, â€Å"They ain’t human. A human being wouldn’t live like they do. A human being couldn’t stand it to be so dirty and miserable.† Delaney prefers to pretend as if the Mexicans didn’t exist, as the alternative is showing how he feels insecure and threatened by them. This is same way the character of the Hollywood Director Cameron in the same movie allows racism and harassment to occur in front of him to his own wife. He allows her to be violated by a racist white cop. After his wife gets molested, instead of standing up against the cop and protecting his wife; he grovels and thanks the cop for not giving him a ticket, â€Å"Look, we’re sorry, and we would appreciate if you would just let us go with a warning, please.† (Crash, 2004). Delaney and Cameron are hypocrites being perpetrated from both ends of the spectrum; they represent individuals directly affected by racism who fail to respond in a way that causes it to cease, and those indirectly causing the racism to occur and spread. In the movie Crash this is shown by Cameron feeling cornered and lashing out against those around him; in Tortilla Curtain it is shown when the main character gives up fighting against the walls and letting those around him decide for him what is right and wrong. By their silence they allow the racism to perpetuate around them. Individuals like those portrayed in these scenarios run the risk of causing an unending cycle of racism and bigotry that will not stop until someone stands up against it. Their fear feeds those around them. In Crash Cameron is confronted by fellow worker asking about an African American actor. â€Å"This is gonna sound strange, but is Jamal seeing a speech coach or something?†¦This is weird for a white guy to say, but have you noticed he’s talking a lot less black lately?† And the answer is, â€Å"No, I haven’t noticed that.† At first the character stands up to the â€Å"racist† questioner but in the end he gives up, he ignores why Jamal hasn’t been â€Å"sounding Black† and goes on acting as if the words had not been said. In the same way after a canyon fire is set accidently by Candido in Tortilla Curtain; Delaney attacks a Mexican man who is being questioned by the police. â€Å"Delaney looked round at his neighbors, their faces drained and white, fists clenched, ready to go anywhere, do anything, seething with it, spoiling for it, a mob. They were out here in the night, outside the walls, forced out of their shells, and there was nothing to restrain them.† (The Tortilla Curtain, 289) This occurs immediately after Delaney has attacked the handcuffed Josà © Navidad, arrested under suspicion of starting the fire. Delaney’s furious, uncontrolled actions and unexplainable anger towards the Mexicans has incited a full-on riot, with the evacuated residents of Arroyo Blanco ready to attack anything and anyone. The idea of the wall comes up in both movies, with whites being forced outside their walls, and their comfort zones. The results are frightening. The white citizens of the town have abandoned their ordered ways, Delaney has even abandoning his self-imposed rules; he has indulged in alcohol. All have become more like the uninhibited immigrants they dislike and fear. In Crash the audience sees the hatred and racism feed on itself when two suspicious black men attack the District Attorney after complaining about racism towards them. The wife goes off on a rant after the attack and says many racial slurs and insults the locksmith. Her anger spills over into her husband who starts ranting as well. â€Å"Why did these guys have to be black? I mean, why?† (Crash, 2004). Like a disease, racism and hatred spreads from person to person impregnating their souls with bigotry and a blind sense of what is right. In the end both characters lose sight of what is right. More concerned about themselves than how their actions affect those around them. Their arrogance in thinking that they are above the racism and bigotry has significant consequences. The infectious nature of racism in individuals who are intelligent, and who have power and influence, is the real danger. Their thinking is infectious, and once these thoughts are inside someone’s head they don’t leave. It is especially dangerous when these individuals are opinion leaders. These are characters in fiction, but in the real world, people like Delaney and Cameron should not be tolerated. They cause the spread of racism, creating an unending circle of pain and grief for everyone they touch and a wider circle touched by those whom they have touched. Works Cited: Crash. Dir. Paul Haggins. Perf. Don Cheadle and Sandra Bullock. Warner Brothers, 2004. DVD. Frenken, Wiltrud, Angela Luz, and Brigitte Prischtt. T.C. Boyle: The Tortilla Curtain. Paderborn: Schöningh, 2007. Print. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Viking, 1939. Print.