Cyrus the Great Essay

Cyrus continued his expansion by moving west and conquered Croesus of Lydia in 546 BCE and ordered it split and ruled by satraps. Continuing to ladder west, he conquered the Chaldean conglomerate of Babylon in 538 BCE of whom was led by King Nabonidus. Cyrus expansion continued to the Aegean Sea, where he had acquired several(prenominal) Greek city-states in Anatolia and had second them over to satraps. His successors would later unsuccessfully try to conquer Greece. His empire also continued east to the Indus River Valley, where he eventually met his demise and the end of his empire. He had several capitals throughout his massive empire including Persepolis, Susa, Babylon, and Pasargadae, where he is buried to this day. Woodard 2The key factor that made Cyrus rule much more successful than previous and future tense leaders was the way he treated the conquered parts of his empire. He was known has a great leader even according to Herodotus, who compared him quite favorably to ot herwise Persian rulers. Herodotus said it is because of this fixing of tributeby Dariusand other similar ordinances that the Persians called Darius the merchant, Cambyses the master and Cyrus the father for Darius made petty profit out of everything, Cambyses was harsh and arrogant, Cyrus was merciful and eer worked for their nearly-being.?Many accounts of his kindness were kept in the Cyrus Cylinder. The cylinder is written in Babylonian script stating that Marduk, the city-god of Babylon, had looked for a champion to restore Babylon to its experient ways, and chose Cyrus, King of Persia, and declared him king of the world. ? Marduk ordered Cyrus to rule over the tribes of Iran justly, and to march on Babylon which was uncontested, and the King of Babylon surrendered and the tribe of Babylon rejoiced for Cyrus as their king.Cyrus had set himself apart from other rulers by compromising with his empire rather than forcing his entire will on them. He accomplished this by allowing people that had been moved from their homeland to deteriorate, most notably allowing the Jews to repossess to Jerusalem after Nebuchadnezzar had them exiled and held captive in Babylon.? On top of them returning, Cyrus also encouraged them to rebuild their temple, which was also one of his finer qualities. During his conquests, he would allow the people to keep their religions and cultural differences, while allowing them to part of the Persian Empire.While Cyrus did allow these freedoms, he also was able to create an empire-wide trade network as well as a commanding Woodard 3 army due to an overall agenda that allowed him to keep his people happy while allowing his empire to expand. By allowing the Jews to return home and build a temple, he knew fortifications would be built in order to protect the border of his empire. This also allowed for a buffer between the empire and Egypt.He also was able to utilize the Phoenicians by using their trade network to gain access to Egypts reso urces in exchange for being a part of the Persian Empire. His eventual downfall came during his conquests in the Indus River Valley. According to Ctesias, he fought against the Derbici, a central- Asian tribe, who were assisted by the Indians, and they wounded him with a spear.? He was taken back to the capital city of Persepolis to die peacefully. Another account by Herodutus claims that Cyrus was at battle with the Massagetae, and he was knocked off his horse by Tomyrus, the queen of the Massagatae. She hence cut his head off with a single slice.Due to these, the exact cause of Cyrus death cannot be determined, though he was buried in Pasargadae. ? passim all of the rulers in the Ancient World, Cyrus the Great was one of the most successful because he knew how to be a benevolent ruler. Instead of being demanding and risking rebellions, he intentional how to compromise with his people, and allow them to have freedom while still having control, which ultimately led to one of the greatest empires built to this day.

Lyndon Baines Johnson

Lyndon Baines jakesson, 36th President of the united avers (196369), was born in a farmhouse on the Pedernales River near earth-closetson City, Texasi. Johnson grew up amidst poverty. On both sides of his family he had a political heritage mingled with a Baptist background of pr severallyers and teachers. He graduated (1930) from S push throughhwest Texas State Teachers College (now Southwest Texas State Univ.), in San Marcos. He taught in a Houston high school before becoming (1932) secretary to a Texas Congressman. In 1934 he marital Claudia Alta Taylor and they had two daughters, Lynda Bird and Luci Baines.A staunch in the buff Dealer, Johnson gained the friendship of the influential Sam Rayburn, at whose behest President Franklin D. Roosevelt made him (1935) director in Texas of the National spring chicken Administration. In 1937, Johnson won election to a vacant congressional seat, and he was consistently re-elected through 1946. Despite Roosevelts support, however, he was defeated in a exceptional election to the Senate in 1941. He served (194142) in the navy. In 1948, Johnson was elected U.S. Senator from Texas after winning the republican primary by a mere 87 votes.A strong advocate of military preparedness, he persuaded the Armed Services Committee to set up (1950) the Preparedness Investigating Subcommittee. Rising rapidly in the Senate hierarchy, Johnson became (1951) Democratic whip and then (1953) floor leader. As majority leader after the 1954 elections he wielded great power, exhibiting unusual skill in marshalling support for President Eisenhowers programs. He suffered a serious heart attack in 1955 but recovered to continue his senatorial command.Johnson lost the 1960 Democratic death chairial nomination to John F. Kennedy, but accepted Kennedys offer of the vice-presidential position. Elected with Kennedy, he ener layically supported the Presidents programs, serving as an American emissary to nations throughout the world and as chairm an of the National Aeronautics and Space Council and of the Presidents Committee on Equal Employment Opportunities. After Kennedys assassination on Nov. 22, 1963, Johnson was sworn in as president and announced that he would strive to carry through Kennedys programs.Congress responded to Johnsons skilful prodding by enacting an $11 billion tax cut (Jan., 1964) and a sweeping Civil Rights Act (July, 1964). With Johnsons insistent backing, Congress finally adopted a far-reaching civil- estimables bill, a voting-rights bill, a Medicare program for the aged, and measures to improve education and conservation. Elected (Nov., 1964) for a expert term in a landslide over Senator Barry Goldwater, he pushed hard for his domestic program.The 89th Congress (196566) produced more major legislative action than any since the New Deal. During the Johnson Presidency, Medicare and Medicaid were established to provide medical examination insurance for those over 65 and those too poor to pay. During the Johnson Administration, the first environmental legislation was passed. A bill providing free medical care (Medicare) to the aged under Social Security was enacted, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 provided wise safeguards for African-American voters, and more money went to antipoverty programs.The departments of Transportation and of Housing and Urban information were added to the Cabinet. Johnsons domestic achievements were soon obscured by foreign affairs. Johnsons actions (Feb., 1965) of bombing on North Vietnam aroused widespread opposition in Congress and among the public and developed lively antiwar movement. As the cost of the war shot up, Congress scuttled many of Johnsons domestic programs. After Senators Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy began campaigns for the Democratic presidential nomination, Johnson announced (Mar., 1968) that he would non run for reelection. When Johnson retired from short letter (Jan., 1969), he left the nation bitterly divided by the war. He retired to Texas, where he died ii.In 1964 the American peck seemed to give overwhelming endorsement to his achievements. His reelection was followed by the notable series of legislative victories establishing the Great Societythe most visionary domestic program in American history. Conventional wisdom suggests that President Lyndon Baines Johnson pushed each Congress to the limit to obtain a maximum number of controversial legislative victories. Consequently, slim margins were often expected and indeed planned for.A find out Johnson legislative aide, Henry Hall Wilson, made this point explicitly, When we have a fat Congress as we did in the Eighty-ninth, then we can hike up our demands to fit the situation. When votes are not razor thin in either case, then we are not doing a good jobiii. Johnson used just nigh everything in his extensive repertory to get Congress moving and excelled.According to Hugh Sidey, During 1965, Johnson would zero in on a congress- man or a senator a nd get what he wanted, a good deal. He would lie, beg, cheat, steal a little, threaten, intimidate. But he never lost sight of that ultimate goal, his idea of the Great Societyiv. hearty preparation was required to identify that the linchpin of the whole system was the treatment, Johnsons personal techniques of political persuasion and political skillv.A Great Society for the American people and their fellow men elsewhere was the vision of Lyndon B. Johnson. In his first years of office he obtained passage of one of the most extensive legislative programs in the Nations history. During World War II he served briefly in the Navy as a lieutenant commander, winning a Silver Star in the South Pacific. After six terms in the House, Johnson was elected to the Senate in 1948. In 1953, he became the youngest Minority Leader in Senate history, and the following year, when the Democrats won control, bulk Leader. With rare skill he obtained passage of a number of key Eisenhower measures.Johns ons Great Society program was designed to fight poverty in the United States. It consisted of a series of legislation, which included the Job Corps, to provide vocational training for disadvantaged youth Volunteers in Service of America (VISTA) a domestic stop Corps Head Start, to instruct disadvantaged preschoolers, among other programs. The other part of the Great Society program was the passage of civil rights legislation proposed by the Kennedy Administration.In the 1960 campaign, Johnson, as John F. Kennedys running mate, was elected Vice President. First he obtained enactment of the measures President Kennedy had been urging at the time of his deatha youthful civil rights bill and a tax cut. Next he urged the Nation to build a great society, a place where the meaning of mans life matches the marvels of mans labor. In 1964, Johnson won the Presidency with 61 percent of the vote and had the widest popular margin in American historymore than 15,000,000 votes.The Great Society program became Johnsons agendum for Congress in January 1965, an aid to education, attack on disease, Medicare, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of de touch regions, a wide-scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime and delinquency, removal of obstacles to the right to vote.Lyndon Johnson faced the toughest transition after Kennedys deathvi. Johnson had to confront the grief and despair many people felt over the loss of a beloved leader and their antagonism toward someone who, however much he identified with JFK, seemed like a usurper, an unelected, untested replacement for the man the country now more than ever power saw as more suitable for the job. Johnson understood the essential need for continuity, for reassuring people at home and abroad that the new President would be fast(prenominal) to the previous administration.The death of a President was trauma enough, but Kennedys assassination made his passing a national crisis in self-co nfidence, a time of dubiousness about the durability of the countrys democratic system and its tradition of non-violent political change. Despite his private fears, Johnson was an inspiration to the country. His public appearances, his use of language, his management of the press promoted feelings of continuity and unityvii.The trademark of his Great Society social reform program, the War on Poverty strove to achieve what LBJs mentor, Franklin D. Roosevelt, could not, an end to the nations most distressing social ills and recognition that racism mollify divided the nation into distinct economic and social groups. For American Jews, LBJs reformulation of New Deal liberalism into a group-based, race-sensitive political philosophy challenged long-held assumptions about the role of the state and pressed the communitys organized leadership into the forefront of national public policy debate. Millions of Democratic voters registered their disapproval of LBJ by abandoning their long-tim e political home and bolting to the Republican Partyviii.Johnsons cynical idealism and the cumbersome mysteries of the times converged into the early-American, frontier-style presidency that finally forced us to begin to redefine our nationhood. Lyndon Johnson was rude, intelligent, shrewd, charming, compassionate, vindictive, maudlin, selfish, passionate, volcanic and cold, vicious and generous. He played every part, he left out no emotion in him one saw ones self and all the others. He was not an idealist, but he served ideals when it suited and pleased him. He was not a reactionary, but he fanned reaction when it helped him advance himself.He was tireless and diligent, but he was also narrowly political, and he was suspicious of new ideas. He berated intellectuals because he envied them. He was as personally responsible for American history since 1950 as any other man of his time. Throughout his career he was consolidating his private wealth by a calculating use of public power, and there is an affinity between this squalid side of his success and the corruptive commerce in the national ethosix.President Johnsons Presidency will be remembered for the Great Society programs for which he wanted to be remembered, and for the Vietnam War, which eventually forced his resignation.i On both sides of his family he had a political heritage mingled with a Baptist background of preachers and teachersii Encyclopedia Article Title Johnson, Lyndon Baines. Encyclopedia Title The capital of South Carolina Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Publisher Columbia University Press. Place of progeny New York. number yr 2004. iii Doris Kearns, Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream ( New York New American Library, 1976. iv Merle Miller, Lyndon New York G. P. Putnams Sons, 1980. v Bernard J. Firestone.1988.Lyndon Baines Johnson and the Uses of Power. Editor, Robert C. Vogt Publisher Greenwood Press. Place of Publication New YorkPage Number 7. vi At the height of his power as Senate le ader, Johnson sought the Democratic nomination for president in 1960. When he lost to John F. Kennedy, he surprised even some of his closest associates by accepting second place on the ticket. vii Robert Dallek .2004.Lyndon B. Johnson Portrait of a President. Publisher Oxford University Press. Place of Publication New York Page Number 227. viii ) Marc Dollinger .2001.The Other War American Jews, Lyndon Johnson, and the Great Society. Contributors author. Journal Title American Jewish History. Volume 89. Issue 4. Publication Year 2001. Page Number 437+ ix Ronnie Dugger .1982.The Politician The Life and Times of Lyndon Johnson the Drive for Power, from the Frontier to Master of the Senate. Publisher W. W. Norton. Place of Publication New York Page Number 13.

Cruel and Unusual Punishment: the Death Penalty

Cruel and Unusual Punishment The Death punishment I remember watching the movie Dead Man Walking it was about this man named Matthew Poncelet who allegedly raped a girl and killed a teenage boy. Poncelet pleaded non guilty, but was convicted as a murderer and confide on close row. He asked for several appeals stating that Carl Vitello, the man he was with at the time, was the one that should be at fault. Poncelet seems genuinely convincing that it wasnt him, but at the end, the courts had enough evidence to grant Poncelet the retribution of execution.The movie has me questioning Americas justice trunk what if nighone was actually innocent? Is it proficient to kill psyche as a consequence for their wrong doing? To some, it seems like the right thing to do. If someone breaks the rules you only when punish them. besides how should we carry out these punishments? When eight-year-old Billy steals a rumpdy bar from Seven Eleven, you whoremonger bet that one of the parents leav e alone deliver some whippings. In Texas, when I was in elementary school, I started a fight, and as a result I got sent to the principals office and certain three licks with a paddle.So where do we draw the line? At a higher level, what happens to me if I kill someone? Since the beginning of time, societies in al closely any culture and background give birth used capital punishment or physical chastisement as a consequence for the killing of others. But, we shouldnt be doing this anymore aliveness is too valuable. Even though some people have made mistakes in their lives, its time for the United States to free the judicial systems from their proponent to take peoples lifes as a consequence for people taking the life of a nonher. In 1972, with the Furman v.Georgia case, the controlling Court recognized that capital punishment was indeed a roll of the dice, and as a consequence held that as practiced it violated the Cruel and Unusual Punishment clause of the Constitutions Eight h Amendment. arbitrator Stewart declared that the finis punishment was cruel because it is wantonly and freakishly imposed, and it was like being struck by lightning (Hull). Justice Douglas, agreed and responsibilityd that the death penalty was unusual because it discriminates against someone by reason of his race, wealth, social position, or class (Hull).Justice Byron White, a man who favored more executions, agreed that he noticed, that among the hundreds of federal and asseverate criminal cases that could have resulted in the death penalty, only a handful of defendants were actually selected for execution making the system so totally irrational as to be based on luck (Hull). The decision removed power from the states to enforce the death penalty, and moved the 629 inmates off death row.For a few years, the death penalty remained illegal because the Justices that were on the Supreme Court at the time concluded that executions violated the Eight and Fourteen Amendments, citi ng cruel and unusual punishment. However, with different terms, in 1976, the Supreme Court reversed itself with Gregg v. Georgia and reinstated the death penalty to state hands. Nevertheless, this is a prime fount of how the Supreme Court can change laws and direct precedents by the way they interpret our Amendments.The Supreme Court is in place to dissect, and analyze the Constitution to decide what the Framers meant, and in 1972, the perspicacity of the Justices resulted in the most human-centred decision ever made people where being deprived from life by serving life imprisonments instead of being executed. Since 1976, the United States has executed 1,295 people, and on that point are currently 3,189 people on death row (DPIC). But all murderers havent had the same fortune, because of Gregg v. Georgia, some states enforce the death penalty and others wear thint. There are currently 33 states in the U. S. ho currently support and implement capital punishment, and 17 states wh o oppose. (DPIC). Murderers in non-capital punishment states can kill with the highest punishment being life in prison but if that same murderer resided in some other state, he would have the opportunity, depending on the case, to be blamed to execution, via lethal injection. The problem here lies, that there is no consistency when it come to punishing the murderers. If a murderer lives in the U. S. the reprimands should remain the same for everyone the penalties shouldnt differ because what climate a killer prefers living in.The laws that we have in place now, means that if I wanted to go on a killing spree, and I didnt want to die because of it, I would simply move from a death penalty state to a free death penalty state and make my moves there. Its not right to pick and choose something of this magnitude. Everyone in this nation should be treated equally when it comes to a life or death situation. In 2007 at the State Bar of Wisconsin Annual Convention in Milwaukee, pro- and an ti-death penalty activists gathered to debate over the death penalty. During this debate, James P. McKay Jr. an confederate states attorney with the Cook County States Attorneys Office in Chicago, and a pro-death penalty supporter, stated in defense that he absolutely intrusts that the death penalty brings justice to a murder victims family (Pribek), and that he has never called for the death penalty in a case for political purposes (Pribek). Professor John C. McAdams, a political science professor of Marquette University in Milwaukee, and an anti-death penalty supporter, fired back with, The state should not implement the death penalty because of its irrevocability.Whether the state is literally taking a prisoners life, versus locking him or her up for life, the state has taken that persons life by vanquishing his or her freedom (Pribek). Moments after, McAdams closed out the debate with the crowd on his side, stating, If I were on the Supreme Court, Id say that the death penalt y is cruel and unusual punishment (Pribek). Although some death penalty advocates consider themselves the voice of the innocent victims and their families, McAdams made a very notable point.Penitentiaries dont have to eradicate the murderer to make out justice. But you can end a life sentence the murderer to serve permanent incarceration, and you will deprive them from freedom, or in other words, life which in return satisfies the amendments. Yet, we the people, continue to lay out the power of life or death into the hands of fallible, sometimes prejudiced, narrow-minded people and ask them to play God and warnmine whos worthy to live a life that we did not bestow upon them.Sentencing someone to life is the most reasonable solution in more ways then(prenominal) one. There have been 140 exonerations since 1972, and from 2000 to 2007 there has been an ordinary of 5 exonerations per year innocent people suffering for no reason (Woodford). The average time between the sentencing t o death of the once sought guilty, to their proven innocence, is 10 years. If U. S. citizens could find it in their hearts to come together and drop d make to the humanitarian level, there could be change in the system with awareness, and spread of word.There has to be other people who share the same odorings, and cringe at the thought of possible government killings toward non-guilty its unsupportable. Its mind boggling to note that there has been 140 non-guilty offenders put in prison with the presumption that they are going to die, and then some years later, they are freed. The probable innocent killing can easily be solved by sentencing presumable murderers to life without parole. The death penalty is much more expensive than life without parole because the Constitution requires a long and convoluted judicial process for capital cases.If the death penalty was replaced with life without parole, an immense amount of money would be saved. According to a California Commission ma ke-up in 2008, California could save $1 billion over five years by replacing the death penalty with permanent imprisonment (Woodford). The circulate stated with reforms to ensure a fair trail to the current system in place, the death penalty would cost California an estimate of $232 million a year and the cost for a system that imposed lifetime incarnation instead of the death penalty would only cost $11. 5 million a year (Woodford). Two birds with one stone.The evidence for capital punishment as an uniquely effective deterrent to murder is especially important, since deterrence is the only major(ip) pragmatic argument on the pro-death penalty side. The theory is, if murderers are sentenced to death and executed, potential murderers will think twice before killing for fear of losing their own life what is feared most, deters most. In 1973, Isaac Ehrlich, statistician who, after looking at national homicide rates between 1930 and 1970, established an analysis which produced results sho allureg that for every inmate who was executed, 7 lives were spared because others were deterred from committing murder.But this however, has been proven inconclusive, and results cannot be duplicated by other researchers. Then in 1997, George Pataki, the Governor of New York state at the time, stated during the anniversary of reinstating death penalty, To fight and deter crime effectively, individuals must have every tool government can ease up them, including the death penalty (Paraki). The governor made strong relations with the death penalty and the potential of installing fear in other potential murders.Pataki continued with strong regards to the deterrence theory after mentioning that the death penalty was a key contributor to the recent dramatic drop in violent crimes In New York, the death penalty has turned the tables on fear and put it back where it belongs-in the hearts of criminals. I know, as do most New Yorkers, that by restoring the death penalty, we have saved lives (Pataki). I do not feel that execution best punishes criminals for their acts.Instead, in my opinion, the administration of the death penalty should end because it does not deter crime, it risks the death of an innocent person, it costs millions of dollars, it inflicts unreasonable pain, and most importantly it violates moral principles. The inconsistency doesnt make sense either, according to Nearly everyone that has been summoned to death row, is spurred from to According to our Bill of Rights, I cannot be deprived of life without referable process of law (US Const. , amend. V). So if the process of law is carried out, the courts can decide to kill me if my crime is severe enough to correspond with capital punishment.But, according to the eighth amendment, Im protected from cruel and unusual punishment ? isnt killing someone cruel and unusual? Did our Framers mean that the death penalty has to be humane, or did they mean the person has to be imprisoned for life? Is it ri ght for someone you have never met to define these so called rights and never be pursuant(predicate) with their definitions? So here we are with a lot of questions and no right answers Yes, Poncelet did commit a crime and he should pay but how can someone that didnt put you in this world, take you out?The death penalty is cruel and unusual. Why cant the court system just sentence someone to life in prison? I believe if you take the life of another, it is a form of cruel punishment. In my eyes, it could be a intrusion of the eighth amendment. Our fifth amendment states, that with the processes of due law, they can deprive us of life. But how can someone construe that as killing us and taking our life? The judicial courts should have interpreted this as putting someone in prison until they die. If youre imprisoned for the rest of your life, then you have been deprived of life.This should be enough justice. Its not like someone will be enjoying their time. I dont see how the people t hat operate the death penalties can sleep at night killing someone because they killed just isnt right. They should actually make a certain prison for those who have been deprived of life, the ones who have killed. The prison should have the inmates locked up in a small dark room for 24 hours a day with no contact with anyone, no bed, no blanket, just a toilet and pictures of the victims engraved into the walls of their cell.At least this way, the killer could regret what he/she did and maybe feel some sort of remorse. It would drive the person insane. Its also messed up for the court system to appoint a state lawyer to defend you and call that a fair trail. No lawyer rattling cares if you win or lose the case all they care about is the money. If one is well off when it comes to money, then of course one can afford a nice experienced lawyer that would probably bust his ass and do anything to win the case, for the reason that he would probably get more money. But if you cant afford a lawyer, they will be happy to appoint you one.He is probably making salary and his pay isnt justified if you win or not. If your pay doesnt fluctuate, then there is no drive hes not going to work as hard and not give the case as much thought. When its all said and done, the appointed lawyer has nothing to lose. Maybe its just your luck and he is a newbie and doesnt have any business in a case involving a murder. If they want to make it a fair trail, wherefore cant they pay for a top notch individual lawyer who excels in that position? We should be able to pick our own, so then at least the poor person can have a chance.I mean when youre talking about someones life you dont want any Joe Blow defending your case. Here is a statistic for you according to American Civil Liberties Union Approximately 90 percent of those on death row could not afford to hire a lawyer when they were tried (Tabak). Is it okay that only some states have the death penalty? I dont think so. If I live in Was hington State and go to Alaska to kill a man, under Alaska law I will not receive capital punishment (DPIC) the worst I would get is life in prison. But if I would have stayed and did my killings in Washington, I would be put on death row (DPIC).If the United States isnt consistent with who dies and who doesnt, then obviously theres something wrong. It just doesnt seem right to pick and choose something of this magnitude. Everyone in this nation should be treated equally when it comes to a life or death situation. Heres yet another problem that I have found werent we all suppose to have unalienable rights rights that can never be taken away from us the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness? But wait in some states they can take away our life if the crime seems bad enough.Im no law expert, but this doesnt seem to mesh together either. I thought the government could only suppress these rights by dictators and tyrants under oppressive regimes. The most controversial subject when talking about capital punishment is that the executioners are actually committing a crime that should put them on death row too. Its probably the most obvious debate, but seriously, how can the same group of people who just told you that killing is illegal, turn around and kill people? That doesnt sound fair, does it? Shouldnt the law be equal for everyone?If murdering is illegal, then how in the hell are these people getting away with this? Theres no reason why they should get exempt from this law. They are just as bad as the criminal who committed crime. Theres another example of how inconsistent this act of justice (Volpe) is being used. Two wrongs dont make a right I dont care how fucked up the situation may be. This law simply contradicts itself. I know I stated that it was hard to choose a side, but while writing this paper, I am confident that I oppose the whole capital punishment bullshit.Yeah, I get where people are coming from, but the reasons to not believe in the de ath penalty overweigh the reasons to believe in the death penalty. The only way to solve this disagreement is to actually go in and define the wording in the fifth and eighth amendments. The Framers left the Constitution open, leaving the interpretations flexible to the generations of justice to come. Once our judicial government can come to an agreement on the wording in the Constitution, then maybe we can decide if we want to continue killing people by stooping down to the criminal level.Kartha, Deepa. 10 Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment. Buzzle Web Portal Intelligent Life on the Web. 5 Dec. 2009. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. . Tabak. Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. American Civil Liberties Union. 1984. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. . http//www. jmu. edu/evision/archive/volume2/Volpe. pdf Works Cited DPIC. submission to the Death Penalty. Death Penalty Information Center. 2012. Web. 1 June 2012. Hull, Elizabeth. Guilty On All Counts. Social Policy 39. 4 (2010) 11-25. Academic Search Complet e. Print.Pataki, George E. Death Penalty Is a Deterrent. Ed. John Hillkirk. USA Today McLean 1 Mar. 1997. Print. Pribek, Jane. Pro- And Anti-Death Penalty Advocates Square Off At State Bar Of Wisconsin Annual Convention. Wisconsin Law Journal (Milwaukee, WI) (n. d. ) regional Business News. Print. Volpe, Tara. Capital Punishment Does Death Equal Justice? Jmu. edu. 2002. E-vision. Web. 10 June 2012. Woodford, Jeanne. 10 Reasons to Oppose the Death Penalty. Death Penalty. Death Penalty Focus, 2012. Web. 11 June 2012.

A Wonderful Life Essay

One of the approximately fundamental mission of our lives has been how can we mend our livelihood from its very uncertainties. Each one of us wants to live a lovely and joyful life and if we look around and find out, one fact comes out really strong and that is, one who is financially sound and secure is equal to(p) to enjoy the sweet fruits of life and is able to live a wonderful life. Therefore, securing our lives through financial planning becomes the inner core on which our lives ramble and it is of utmost pregnant if we want to lead a fiber life.Saving money is of prime importance as virtually there is nothing tactual that we can have without the exchange of currency. Furtherto a greater extent, relieve gives us a way out from the uncertainties of life and gives us a chance to enjoy a quality and meaningful life. Saving money is one of those tasks that argon so much(prenominal) easier said than done. There is more to it than spending less money. How much money willi ng we save, where will we put it, and how can we make sure it stays there? Here is how to set realistic goals, keep our spending in check, and get the most for our money.First and foremost, saving money assist to realize our big dreams. As we know, almost everybody set goals to achieve in their life scarce there are few of them who are really achieve it. For example, a successful person is the one who continually works to make his dreams become true. We can besides be among the list of successful persons who are able to achieve their dreams shortly. We can have each dream, but what is important is how we are able to make them come true. We may have the dream of owning a big bungalow, a grand wedding or travelling around the world or something else.However, these dreams cannot be fulfilled in a day as they require a advanced amount of money to achieve it. Thus, a regular nest egg can give us the key of fulfilling our dreams in such a simplest way. Besides, saving money is one of the healthy habits that we can practice in our daily life. This means if we are able to inculcate in ourselves a habit of saving, it will pay a long way throughout our life. This is because saving teaches us to be self-disciplined in our life.As for me, fair(a) the only a self-disciplined person is able to live in an all-round beautiful and fulfilled life. If we waste our money immediately so how we will realize our materialistic dreams. In addition, saving also gives security in our life. Thus, it is a healthy habit that we can practise in order to save our money. Therefore, there may be some different reasons for us to save the money but it is crystal clear from the above countersign that saving is highly important for living a secured, happy, and quality life.We can surely realize the powers of money when we start saving. However, we have only one life to live but that one life should be filled with colours of fulfilment and this can only come with Savings. This is because only through savings we can fulfil our dreams, the aspirations of our family and so to the others. Therefore, what I want to say is let the money speak for us through regular savings and become dependent of enjoying a long and beautiful life. Apart from that, we should also save money for our family responsibilities and for our personal aspirations.This means if you are not alone and have a family to support, then invariably you are required not only to take autoe of your own aspirations but also to carry out a lot of discordant tasks and responsibilities of your family at different stages of life. It may be your childs birth or your dream of obtaining a luxury car. It may be also the desire to buy jewellery for your beloved wife or you have a plan to go out on a vacation with your family sequence travelling in all over the world. By saving money, we already have a saving for the plans.Besides, we could also need some money for the expenditure on our childs higher education. In todays world, money is very crucial. Without any saving, we cannot be able to give a computable education for our children. From this situation, it is convinced that a good amount of money and saving is a must in such scenarios. Therefore, everyone should starts saving money as much as possible in order to lead a better life in the future. Without we realize, an unexpected and emergency expenditure expenses can come in many ways in ones life.For example, a sudden situation like a sudden hospitalization, a job loss, an accident, a car breakdown or any other situation might be happen without any sign. Besides that, the financial crisis can also arise any time. Therefore, it is very good for us to have a saving for any such of emergency that can give the much needed and required help to overcome such crises in your life. As a result, our burden in living a life will be lessening. But the most important things is that we did not need or find dependent and search for the support from others, which may at time does not turn up when you require the most. some other importance of saving money is that it provides us with security. We always study that money in the bank will help us out during harsh times in life. Saving money is also a way of planning. Most people keep a certain goal in life when saving money. If one does not save it for a rainy day but instead decides to live it up and spend all their money than they are more likely to face financial difficulties in the future. In this way, people who spend more than save do not take the opportunity to plan.Last but not least, saving money give us a real independence in our life. This is because the real independence comes only with the financial independence by saving our money on a regular basis that will give us the power of living a life of freedom. Furthermore, by savings we can be in the right place at the right time. We will be able to take hold of any proceeds that the life puts across to you. Eventuall y, we can make your opportunities into realities with enough saving that we have.It is proved that by saving money, you will get a lot of benefits for your own goodness. Therefore, I believe that by having enough money through savings it will gives us the chance to grab that life turning opportunity that come just for one time. Therefore, you could not deny that savings can help do all this in such an easy way. In a nutshell, everyone should always think that it is not only about how they pull ahead their money but also about how they spend it. There is an old and common saying that tells us that it is easier to earn money than to spend it wisely.That is the reasons why we should budget yourself by thinking about how much we are willing to spend before we go out to buy something that is not necessary for you. Another good approach is that we need to never buy anything that we did not plan on buying no matter how good a deal we find. This is because it will help to save you from unn ecessary expenditures. However, we should always assess what our needs are and buy accordingly. Therefore, do we have to watch our desires, but do not deprive ourselves of necessities. This is the fundamental reason why some people should start the habit of saving today.

Favorite teacher Essay

My favorite teacher is Mrs. Auguste. She is a great teacher because she is nice and c atomic number 18s for her students. Mrs. Auguste is unitary teacher that will listen to her students and help them with problems that dont just include her sectionroom studies. If I ever need to talk to someone about anything shes always there. Mrs. Auguste will be greatly deteriorateed when I leave after 12th grade. She has been with Miami Jackson Senior High School for a couple of years and is very deserving of this honor. You are an exceptional teacher. When I first met you in inquiry screen out you were cool and very down to earth.I enjoy you not only as a teacher exactly as family. Whenever I and Stephanie need advice you kept it real with us. You were the only one of my teachers who rightfully understood me. While another(prenominal) teachers do teach their classes well, you teach in a fun and raise way. You help me learn by making your class a great learning experience and kind at the same time. Even when I already had lunch and still was hungry you would feed me. intellectual nourishment is the best way to my heart but you already know that I consider you a piece mom to me. You are caring, very funny, honest, loyal and loving.There was never a dull moment in your class. One event that I still remember was when me,Stephenie, and Melissa were sitting at our favorite science laboratory station and Keivonnis came over and started bothering us and me and him started arguing, you kept saying yall like each other and I kept denying and me and Stephenie started laughing and called you palm tree because you had a retwist. That was the funniest day in your class but there were plenty more. We had good laughs from the start of class to the end. I use to come in class twerking everywhere LOL I loved your class and now I miss it.I just cherished to say thank you for being such a wonderful educator as well as a person. From the first day, I came into your class and ex perienced your way of teaching I knew that this was going to be a very fun and interesting class. Ever since I was in high school, I looked at Research as just being another subject that I had to pass. However, since being in your class I have seen the importance of science. I have learned that it is not only essential and beneficial. I love your demeanor of teaching. Most teachers just take the material given to them and give it to the student expecting them to come across fully.These teachers are the ones who view education and learning as a one-way street, however you are opposite. You are the true representation of a great educator. You care about the understanding of your students and actually are expand to learn from them. You are the only teacher I know that puts up with my craziness. Others think Im being rude when I am really not but you know my intentions and I love you for that. I wish you the best of luck with everything. I love you and Im going to miss you when I grad uate but you are stuck with me for another year. Im really glad I met you. Sincerely, Your daughter from another mother Alexus

Case Analysis: the Early Bird †Electric Power Load Despatching

field of study Analysis The premature Bird Electric authority Load Despatching The Early Bird Electric Power Load Dispatching Electric utility firms catch, for more than two decades, used marginal productmarginal cost concepts to generate and clear electric automobile exponent in a more efficient, lowercost manner. grey Company, the nations third largest utility, refers to its freight dispatching method as the Early Bird system. Southerns Early Bird is designed to take into account automatic, computerized control of all the high societys causation production and transmittal facilities.The Early Bird interminably calculates the marginal cost of delivering additional kilowatts of electricity to Southern Company customers anywhere in the companys service area then, as electricity demand rises or falls at points throughout the system, Early Bird transmits raise or lower impulses to the companys generating units and routes the correct amount of electricity on the most eco nomical transmission path to the end user. Periodically, Southern Company engineers test the run qualification of every piece of power-generating equipment the company has in service.The purpose of the test is to determine how much fuel, labor, and former(a) uncertain inputs are required to produce electricity with that unit and, subsequently, to calculate a production function for that generating unit. fuck off has shown that revised production function equations must be calculated from time to time because normal offend and tear, maintenance problems, and mechanical efficiency vary over time and from generator to generator, depending on who manufactured it, when it was purchased, how grand it has been in service, and the reliability with which it has performed.In other words, the production function for a given generating unit shifts by sufficiently large amounts over time to derive it worthwhile to update the input-output equation. The equations for the production function s of each generating unit are then federal official into Early Bird and combined with information as to fuel prices, charter rates, and other variable input prices to obtain marginal cost functions from these, MC values can be calculated for a particular proposition generating unit at whatever rate it is being operated.In addition, because at that place is a personnel casualty of electricity in the course of shipping it through the transmission wires, Southern engineers make studies to determine the transmission loss coefficients from generating units to distribution sub post. These, too, have to be updated several times a year since the transmission loss depends not only on the distance factor but also on the varying load characteristics of the system and changes in the transmission grid.The marginal cost equations, together with the transmission loss coefficients, are the nucleus for Early Birds control of power generation and transmission. When, during the course of a day, th e demand for electricity picks up, the Early Bird system is programmed to compare the marginal costs of generation at each online unit and then to send impulses to raise the electricity output of the unit (or units) where MC is lowest.Simultaneously, another Early Bird program analyzes the transmission loss coefficients to calculate how best to allocate the change magnitude load on the transmission grid so as to decrease transmission loss to the galore(postnominal) substations and end-user locations. In similar fashion, when electricity demand falls off (as work shifts end and businesses close at the end of the day), the Early Bird system automatically sends impulses to reduce electricity generation at those power units where MC is highest and reroutes the remaining load to maintain maximum transmission economy and load-generation balance.At periods of peak demand, when on-line generating units are already operating at or near their minimum cost points, and assuming that water s ystem levels in Southerns dam reservoirs are ample, Early Bird sends impulses to Southerns hydroelectric facilities to open the gates and generate enough power to get across the peak. Southerns power system control center is also equipped to forecast short-term loads for the next hour, day, or week. For example, weather data from all round Southerns four-state service area are fed into the Early Bird network several times a day to help forecast oestrus and air-conditioning loads.The hourly, daily, and weekly Early Bird forecasts of upcoming load demands are used to preplan the mix of generating units to put on line and those to put on standby, to schedule maintenance, and to determine whether to exchange clam ups of electricity with neighboring utilities. For instance, approximately 15 minutes prior to the beginning of an hour, Early Bird calculations as to the next hours generating and transmission costs are made this information is then compared immediately with similar informat ion obtained from adjoining utilities having interconnections with Southerns transmission network.If it is determined that it would be more economical for Southern to buy a block of electricity from an adjacent company than to generate the electricity needed itself (because at the forecasted generating rates the other company will have lower MC than Southern), then an order is placed for that unit at a price set forth in the interchange agreement between the two companies. On the other hand, if Southerns marginal costs are lower than those of its neighbors, then it may agree to make out a block.The exchange of electricity among interconnected companies based upon marginal cost calculations is common throughout the electric utility industry. As bigger and faster computers have become available, the functions of the Early Bird system have been expanded to permit. 1. Reductions in unnecessary load-chasing, with resultant savings on maintenance 2. Monitoring the current operating statu s of generating units, line flows, voltages, station breakers, and switches as a basis for assessing the prevailing degree of security (reliability) deep down the system . Altering the dispatch criteria to allow for reducing power output at a particular facility because of unexpected air or thermal pollution, yet doing so in a mien which entails the least increased costs to the system 4. Operating hydro, steam, combustion, and nuclear generating units in a mix which seeks to minimize fuel costs and 5. Monitoring temperatures, oil pressures, stream flows, and so on at unattended hydro stations to give early notification of potential troubles.

Edith Wharton’s “Souls Belated” Essay

Point of view al demeanors influences the way readers perceive events. In literature, the address of view the author chooses not unaccompanied affects the way readers perceive and interpret events, but it as wellhead as determines, to some extent, what the readers bathroom actually pick up. That is, bakshish of view guides the way readers interpret events and draw conclusions by limiting or illuminating the amount and nature of the information from which conclusions can be drawn. In Souls Belated, Edith Wharton uses point of view to crystallize the thoughts of each character individually, while concealing the thoughts of the other, and eventually to highlight the vastly different mindsets of twain characters involved.Wharton starting line does this by revealing Lydias thoughts to the readers while hiding Gan light upts. At the exposition, the story is told in third person, from Lydias point of view. This technique allows readers to see directly into Lydias mind. To hit th e hay what Gannet is thinking, however, they must accept Lydias reading material of his thoughts He was thinking of it now, just as she was they had been thinking ab forth it in unison ever since they had entered the choose (673). Since readers have no direct penetration into Gannetts brain, they have no way to know what he is really thinking, but neither do they have, as yet, any substantial reason to doubt Lydias interpretation of events.The third-person-limited point of view is particularly effective because it allows readers to view Lydias thoughts, opinions, and interpretations as facts. If Wharton had chosen to make known the story in first person, from Lydias point of view, the narrative would be clearly subjective. Readers would be alive(predicate) of the limitations of a first person narrator. Consequently, they would have plenty of incentive to question the accuracy of Lydias perception. On the other hand, if the narrator were omniscient, it would describe Gannetts t houghts as well as Lydias and on that pointby transplant all questions in this matter. The actual third person narrator seems removed abounding from the action to reckon to be an impartial observer this inclines readers to accept the narrators secernatements as facts. That the point of view is limited, however, in like manner leaves in question whether Lydias view of Gannett is correct, whether readers should accept it at face value this is whatcreates the subtle hesitation of the story.Wharton builds on this suspense by suggesting that Lydia does know Gannett well enough to know his mind, or, at least, that Lydia thinks she knows Gannett well enough to know now that he and she were al i she knew exactly what was passing through his mind she could almost memorize him asking himself what he should say to her (673). This not only further inclines readers to accept Lydias interpretation of Gannetts thoughts and emotions, but it also encourages them to be sympathetic to her. Lyd ia knows what Gannett is thinking, and she dreads it. Since readers know Lydias mind but not Gannetts, they cannot service of process but see the situation through her eyes.In order to see properly through Lydias eyes, in order to know wherefore she dreads Gannett inevitably speaking to her, readers need to have some perceive datum of her nature. The point of view helps accomplish this as well it allows readers to extract information about Lydias personality from her reactions to her own memories. For example, when Lydia remembers her ex-husband and her reasons for exit him, she had preferred to think that Tillotson had himself embodied all her reasons for leaving him. Yet she had not left(a) him till she met Gannett (673). From this, readers know that Lydia, at the beginning at least, is not self-secure enough to have left her husband to be on her own. She could not turn from him without having someone else to turn to. However, this discovery had not been gentle to her self -esteem (673), indicating that not only is Lydia aware of her own insecurity but also that it is something which bothers her. Lydia wants to think of herself as an independent char but so far has not been as wholly independent as she would like to be.Once readers understand this part of Lydias personality, they are better prepared to understand why Lydia struggles against dependency. Specifically, she struggles against marrying Gannett because she views it as a particularly tempting form of dependency. Lydia fears that by marrying Gannett, she will lose whatever sense of self she has developed since leaving her husband similarly, she worries that Gannett will lose his sense of self in marrying her. To behavior upon him as the instrument of herliberation to resist herself in the least tendency to a wifely winning possession of his future had seemed to Lydia the one way of maintaining the dignity of their relation (675). At the same time, however, she realizes that this view of the ir human relationship is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain she was aware of a growing inability to keep her thoughts rigid on the essential point the point of parting with Gannett (675). Through what the narrator says and does not say about their relationship, readers can infer that Lydia is growing dependent on Gannett but is still trying to fight against it.The insight Wharton gives readers into Lydias personality product lines sharply with how little they know of Gannett. Because of the narrators limited point of view, readers know only as much about Gannett as Lydia knows. Readers know what Gannett says and what he does, as well as what Lydia presumes he thinks, but they have no way to observe Gannetts thoughts for themselves. nevertheless at one point where the narrative seems to transport to a more omniscient point of view, the narrator can only say, He looked at her hopelessly. Nothing is more perplexing to man than the mental process of a woman who reasons he r emotions (678).The narrative still does not describe exactly what Gannett is thinking it only describes Gannetts action, then makes a general statement which may or may not apply to Gannett specifically. Readers have no way of knowing whether Gannett actually thinks this statement or not for all they know, it could be what Lydia is thinking, what she presumes about Gannetts state of mind. Not only does this point of view technique make the readers want to know what Gannett is thinking, but it also binds them emotionally to Lydia. They want to know what Gannett is thinking as badly as she does.After building up sufficient desire, Wharton finally satisfies the readers curiosity by shifting the point of view to allow them access to Gannetts thoughts. This shift also corresponds with an important twist in the plot it comes at the beginning of their last communion in the hotel room, just before Lydia suggests to Gannett that the only was to resolve their relationship is for her to lea ve him. Gannett threw away his cigarette the conk out of her voice made him want to see her face (685). Limited though itis, this is the first time readers can witness Gannetts thoughts directly. Throughout the conversation, the shift intensifies. She sank again on the sofa, hiding her face in her hand. Gannett stood above her perplexedly he felt as though she were being swept away by some implacable current while he stood helpless on its bank (688). Now, the roles are reverse readers can know Gannetts emotional state from what the narrator tells them, but they must divine Lydias from her words and actions.That this point of view shift comes before Lydias suggestion to leave Gannett is important because it brings with it a tone shift. When the readers can see Gannetts desires and emotions, they begin to feel sympathy for him. Now they can see the events through his eyes, too. Conversely, when the narrative distances itself from Lydias thoughts, it distances the readers from Lydia as well. While this distance does not necessarily cancel out any sympathy the readers have for Lydia, their sympathy for her does not overpower their sympathy for Gannett. Indeed, it is because of this newfound sympathy that Lydias, My leaving you, (689) does not seem to the readers like a desirable outcome. Since they now sympathize with both characters, they do not like anything that would cause either one of them pain. An act that would cause both characters pain would be double bad.Wharton continues this sympathy for Gannett by telling the last section of the story, where Lydia actually tries to leave him, from his point of view. Wharton also uses this point of view to answer many of Lydias, and therefore the readers, questions. For instance, the readers now get to see how Gannett views marriage, particularly marriage to Lydia. Even had his love lessened, he was now bound to her by a hundred ties of pity and self-reproach and she, silly kid must turn arse to hum as Latude re turned to his cell (690). Gannett feels responsible for Lydia as well as bound to her he possibly even feels somewhat fatherly toward her, as if she was a child who he had an obligation to look after. These are all attitudes opposed to Lydias pride and desire for independence.As Gannett watches Lydia walk away from the hotel, his thoughts continueIf any thought emerged from the tumult of his sensations, it was that he must let her go if she wished it. He had spoken last night of his rights what were they? At the last issue, he and she were two separate beings, not made one by the miracle of common forbearances, duties, abnegations, but bound together in a noyade of temper that left them resisting yet clinging as they went down. (690)From this statement, readers know Gannetts true attitude toward marriage, that it is a spiritual connecter that would give him some sort of right to Lydia. Not only is Gannetts opinion of marriage distant to Lydias opinion of it, but it also conflicts with what Lydia believes Gannetts opinion to be.Their isolated points of view heighten the contrast between Gannetts and Lydias feelings toward marriage. This separation reminds the readers that although they can see into both Lydias and Gannetts minds, there is no way for either character to know what the other is thinking. Each character is completely brush aside off from the other the only way they have to intuit thoughts is for them to interpret the words and actions of the other, just as readers must do, in turn, for each character.The isolation that lets the readers see this limitation is the same isolation that hides, ironically, the limitation from both characters. Lydia, for example, felt she knew exactly what was passing through his mind (673), even though it is her uncertainty that makes what Gannett is thinking so nervewracking for her. In the same way, Gannett later feels that Lydia is walking into a world where no one would understand her no one would pity her and he, who did both, was powerless to come to her aid (690). If Gannett truly silent and pitied Lydia, he would have understood that she is too independent to want is pity.But perhaps the most telling point of view shift comes at the end of the story, where Wharton retreats into an omniscient, objectively descriptive narrator. As Gannett watches Lydia leave the boat and come back to the hotel, back to him, he sat down beside a table a Bradshaw lay at his elbow, and mechanically, without knowing what he did, he began looking outthe trains to Paris (691). The distance of the point of view echoes Gannetts distance from his own emotions. He acts mechanically, not knowing what he is doing because he does not know what he is feeling. Indeed, the distance of the narrative reflects the net numbness of the conflicting emotions that Lydia and Gannett are both feeling. Each must resign himself to marrying the one he loves.